What is the role of Phragmites australis in experimental constructed wetland filters treating urban runoff?

Lee, Byoung-Hwa; Scholz, Miklas

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.08.001

Cited by 128 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Macrophytes, such as Phragmites australis, promote sedimentation of suspended solids and prevent erosion by decreasing water flow rates by increasing the length per surface area of the hydraulic pathways through the system (Lee and Scholz 2007). Under static conditions, the wetland behaves like a stagnant pond in which displacement effects caused by submerged plant mass decrease retention times.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Wetlands

Dhir

2013

Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up

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Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This, coupled with the action of nitrifying bacteria such as Nitrosomonas spp. and Nitrobacter spp., enables ammoniacal N removal of the soil environment (Lee and Scholz 2007). Furthermore, oxidizing soil conditions promote formation of iron oxides, hydroxides and oxyhydroxides and consequently result in metal removal by coprecipitation.…”

Section: Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Wetlands

Dhir

2013

Phytoremediation: Role of Aquatic Plants in Environmental Clean-Up

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“…Additionally, lower nitrate concentrations in summer could be explained by the fact that the uptake of nutrients increases as the growth of macrophytes is promoted by warm and long daylight periods. This is in contrast to the colder seasons, when the macrophytes' activity is low [17,34,37,[39][40][41][42][43]. Moreover, the VMM report of 2012 indicated that the decreasing tendency of nitrate concentrations shown from 2009 to the present time is the result of implementing the Manure Decree in 2000, the enforcement of standard levels, and the reduction of livestock production [44].…”

Section: Total Nitrogen-nitrate Concentrations and Water Quantity Meamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, different plants will enhance the landscape and biodiversity. On the other hand, having monocultures of non-native species such as Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, or latifolia, whose efficiency and robustness for pollutant removal have been tested, can result in higher nitrate removal concentrations [41,54,55].…”

Section: Integrated Constructed Wetland Dimensioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Integration of Wetlands along Small European Waterways to Address Diffuse Nitrate Pollution

Donoso

Gobeyn

Boets

et al. 2017

Water

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Nitrate concentrations in numerous European fresh watercourses have decreased due to end-of-pipe measures towards manure and fertilization management, but fail to meet the environmental objectives. The implementation of complementary measures to attenuate diffuse nitrate pollution in densely populated regions characterised by limited available area has been barely studied. To tackle this issue, this study evaluates the feasibility of integrating Constructed Wetlands (CWs) along waterways as a promising tool to facilitate compliance with the nitrate regulations. The aim is to calculate the required area of land alongside a specific watercourse to integrate CWs to reduce nitrate concentrations consistently below the 11.3 and 5.65 mgNO 3 -N/L levels, according to the Nitrates Directive and the Flemish Environmental Regulations. Nitrate-nitrogen removal efficiencies achieved at case study CWs were compared and validated with reported values to estimate the needed wetland areas. In addition, the removal efficiencies and areas needed to meet the standards were calculated via the kinetic model by Kadlec and Knight. The predicted areas by both methods indicated that CWs of 1.4-3.4 ha could be implemented in certain regions, such as Flanders (Belgium), with restricted available land. To conclude, three designs for ICWs (Integrated Constructed Wetlands) are proposed and evaluated, assessing the feasibility of their implementation.

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“…Moreover, long-term recycling of firewater could be achieved with the support of compact vertical-flow wetland systems [20,27]. Filters that require long-term clean-up operation of runoff may be planted with robust Phragmites australis [28]. The removal of contaminants such as hydrocarbons could be achieved by using cheap recycled agricultural waste products such as corn stalk, saw dust and straw, which have shown remarkable performance in adsorbing and absorbing oil spills in previous studies [29][30][31].…”

Section: Identified Challenges and Solution Proposalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Firewater Storage, Treatment, Recycling and Management: New Perspectives Based on Experiences from the United Kingdom

Scholz

2014

Water

Self Cite

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Smart firewater management and recycling helps reduce water use and protect the environment from pollution. However, contamination of recycled water may pose a health risk to fire fighters. This review assesses international literature to identify best practices, and to recommend new technologies and methods on firewater management and recycling. The literature assessment indicates that this is a new research area where insufficient findings have been published in Web of Science-referenced journals. Therefore, informally published materials (a.k.a. grey literature) were also assessed. Findings indicate the need for practical decision support tools to estimate consumption rates, predict "bottlenecks" and bund capacity, assess water quality and determine pump requirements. This article recommends that cost-efficient and rapid on-site treatment methods, such as compact and mobile filtration units for firewater recycling should be researched in the future. The filters should be based on compartments with different media. The empty pore space should decrease from inflow to outflow. A light plastic media should be positioned near the inflow to retain large particles, such as a grid. Activated carbon media could be placed near the outlet to remove fine suspended solids and dissolved contaminants. This should address concerns by fire fighters dealing with contaminated water, spray and foam.

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What is the role of Phragmites australis in experimental constructed wetland filters treating urban runoff?

Cited by 128 publications

References 32 publications

Role of Wetlands

Role of Wetlands

Assessing the Integration of Wetlands along Small European Waterways to Address Diffuse Nitrate Pollution

Firewater Storage, Treatment, Recycling and Management: New Perspectives Based on Experiences from the United Kingdom

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