What Is the Relationship Between Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors and Markers of Inflammation?

Abstract

The treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) is clinically measured by monitoring changes in venous lipids and inflammatory markers. There is currently no established quantified relationship between coronary flow reserve and markers of inflammatory CAD. A total of 120 men and women underwent quantified measurement of coronary blood flow using SPECT imaging at baseline and 1 year later. They had fasting venous blood work obtained at baseline and 1 year later. These markers of lipids and inflammation included, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein-a, homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Regression analysis reveals no general statistical relationship between these markers and coronary blood flow as measured by myocardial perfusion imaging. However, when changes in indices are considered and changes in risk factors are compared with changes in ischemia, blood factor based estimates yield an adjusted R2 = 0.31, R = 0.57, P < .0001. Initial levels of coronary ischemia cannot be diagnostically inferred from baseline values in lipid and inflammatory markers of coronary artery disease. When change in coronary blood flow is quantified using SPECT imaging, 6 independent underlying blood factors provided statistically useful information in identifying changes in coronary blood flow. Although the relationship of changes is statistically significant ( P < .0001), quantification of coronary blood flow by SPECT imaging provides physiologic status information, which cannot be inferred from fasting markers of lipids and inflammation status.

Association between plasma homocysteine and myocardial SPECT abnormalities in patients referred for suspected myocardial ischaemia

“…A further study demonstrated elevated homocysteine levels with reduced regional left ventricular ejection fraction in an asymptomatic group of young patients,1 while others found a high prevalence of patients with elevated homocysteine levels in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction 15. This was similar to the figures we obtained where the presence of infarct seemed to have more influence on homocysteine levels than ischaemia.…”

Fleming-Harrington Redistribution Wash-in Washout (FHRWW): The Platinum Standard for Nuclear Cardiology

“…Comparison of the rest/stress image results with the angiographic results showed a sestamibi rest/stress imaging sensitivity of 67%. Of the false negative results (n = 22), 18% (n = 4) had critically narrowed arteries or arteries with vulnerable plaques whose 60-minute images appeared completely normal (Pace 2005, Fleming 2008). However, evaluation of the 5-minute images for redistribution (using FHRWW), revealed both qualitative and quantitative decreased uptake, demonstrating a washin effect.…”

Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases

“…The receptor for IL-6 is also a target of prevention of coronary vascular diseases (6). Conversely, the relationship between inflammatory markers and myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings remains somewhat controversial (7). Annals of Nuclear Cardiology Vol.…”