What Is the Relationship Between Incarceration of Children and Adult Health Outcomes?

Barnert, Elizabeth S.; Abrams, Laura S.; Dudovitz, Rebecca; Coker, Tumaini R.; Bath, Eraka; Tesema, Lello; Nelson, Bergen B.; Biely, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2018.06.005

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The idea that detention in a correctional facility may result in biological changes, such as MAO-B activity elevation, is supported by several studies showing that this biochemical parameter is broadly associated with several psychopathological conditions. Custody in juvenile halls has a marked impact on poor health outcomes and a greater risk of psychopathology [ 42 ]. Youth in the correctional justice system with a history of mental problems had higher levels of mental health symptoms and higher scores on the symptoms listed in Brief Symptom Inventory (somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism) than adult prisoners or the general population [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detention in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Is Associated with Higher Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B Activity in Males

et al. 2020

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Juvenile delinquency is related to several biological factors, yet very few vulnerability biomarkers have been identified. Previous data suggest that the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) influences several personality traits linked to the propensity to engage in delinquent behavior. Building on this evidence, we assessed whether conduct disorder (CD), juvenile delinquency adjudications, or detention in a correctional facility were associated with either platelet MAO-B activity or the MAOB rs1799836 polymorphism. The study enrolled 289 medication-free male youths, including 182 individuals detained in a correctional facility (with or without a diagnosis of CD). Of the remaining 107 participants, 26 subjects had a diagnosis of CD, and 81 were mentally healthy controls. Platelet MAO-B activity was determined by spectrophotofluorometry, while MAOB rs1799836 was genotyped using qPCR. Platelet MAO-B activity, corrected for age and smoking, was significantly higher in juvenile detainees (p < 0.001), irrespective of CD diagnosis. MAOB rs1799836 was not associated with platelet MAO-B activity or with detention in a correctional facility, CD diagnosis, or delinquent behavior. These data suggest that detention in a juvenile correctional facility increases platelet MAO-B activity in male adolescents. Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms and functional significance of MAO-B peripheral elevation in juvenile male detainees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detention in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Is Associated with Higher Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B Activity in Males

et al. 2020

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“…15 Juvenile justice involvement is independently associated with poor health outcomes into adulthood. 16,17,18,19,20 Similar to the association of PI, youth with JJI have increased rates of depression, anxiety, panic disorder, and substance abuse. 16,21 Youth affected by PI or JJI also may have lower income, lower rates of employment, and higher rates of substance abuse than their counterparts in young adulthood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Childhood History of Parental Incarceration and Juvenile Justice Involvement With Mental Health in Early Adulthood

et al. 2019

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Key Points Question Is a childhood history of parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement associated with mental health conditions in early adulthood? Findings In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, young adults with a history of both parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement reported more mental health conditions compared with peers with no justice system exposure during childhood. Meaning Parental incarceration and juvenile justice involvement may be associated with mental illness in young adult populations.

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“…Possible responses for CESD-10 related items ranged from never/rarely (0) to most/all the time (3) resulting in a possible scale of 0-30. We categorized a score > 10 as indicative of adult depressive symptoms as has been recommended and done by others using this data for a similar purpose [41][42][43]. Resilience scores calculated using our AHRI were correlated with CESD-10 scores.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective development of a novel resilience indicator using existing cohort data: The adolescent to adult health resilience instrument

2020

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Background Cohort studies represent rich sources of data that can be used to link components of resilience to a variety of health-related outcomes. The Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort study represents one of the largest data sets of the health and social context of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. It did not however use validated resilience scales in its data collection process. This study aimed to retrospectively create and validate a resilience indicator using existing data from the cohort to better understand the resilience of its participants. Methods Questions asked of participants during one Add Health data collection time period (N = 15,701) were matched to items on a well-known and widely validated resilience scale called the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Factor analysis and psychometric analyses were used to refine and validate this novel Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument. Construct validity utilized participants’ answers to the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, which has been used to validate other resilience scales. Results Factor analysis yielded an instrument with 13 items that showed appropriate internal consistency statistics. Resilience scores in our study were normally distributed with no ceiling or floor effects. Our instrument had appropriate construct validity, negatively correlating to answers on the depression scale (r = -0.64, p<0.001). We also found demographic differences in mean resilience scores: lower resilience scores were seen among women and those who reported lower levels of education and household income. Conclusions It is possible to retrospectively construct a resilience indicator from existing cohort data and achieve good psychometric properties. The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument can be used to better understand the relationship between resilience, social determinants of health and health outcomes among young adults using existing data, much of which is publicly available.

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What Is the Relationship Between Incarceration of Children and Adult Health Outcomes?

Abstract: Child incarceration displays even wider sociodemographic disparities than incarceration generally and is associated with even worse adult physical and mental health outcomes.

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Detention in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Is Associated with Higher Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B Activity in Males

Detention in Juvenile Correctional Facilities Is Associated with Higher Platelet Monoamine Oxidase B Activity in Males

Association of Childhood History of Parental Incarceration and Juvenile Justice Involvement With Mental Health in Early Adulthood

Retrospective development of a novel resilience indicator using existing cohort data: The adolescent to adult health resilience instrument

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