What Is the Relationship Between Dairy Intake and Blood Pressure in Black and White Children and Adolescents Enrolled in a Weight Management Program?

Abstract

BackgroundThe DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated a relationship between diet and cardiovascular outcomes in adults, yet little is known of this relationship in children. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with similar increases in hypertension among this population. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between dairy intake and blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 4–17 years) enrolled in a weight management program.Methods and ResultsDietary intake was assessed using the Block Kids 2004 food frequency questionnaire in a cross‐sectional sample of participants enrolled in the Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome Study at the Children's Hospital (Charleston, SC). BP and other anthropometrics were obtained at baseline. Only children with complete baseline data and food frequency questionnaires were included in this analysis (n=117). Associations between food group/nutrient intake and BP were examined across race and sex using ANOVA and Pearson correlations. Linear regression models were controlled for body mass index and age. In the total sample, a significant inverse relationship was found between the intake of dairy and systolic BP (r=−0.24, P=0.009). The effect of dairy on systolic BP, however, differed by race. We observed a decrease of 11.2 mm Hg for each serving of dairy consumed by white children, and no decrease in systolic BP in black children (P=0.001 for the race–dairy serving interaction).ConclusionsNutrition professionals must consider nonnutrition factors contributing to childhood hypertension, as current dietary recommendations appear to have differential outcomes across races.

Predictors of Childhood High Blood Pressure among Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents according to the Lifestyle-Scoring Algorithm Using Data from Iranian Health Care Reform Plan

“…Yuan et al indicated that high intake of dairy (≥ 2 servings per day) has antihypertensive effects on BP among children aged 8 to 10 years [ 42 ]. In a study by DellaValle et al [ 43 ], greater intakes of dairy products were associated with lower SBP in white but not black children and teens, suggesting the possible role of demographic factors including race in beneficial role of dairy products. Given that, the type of dairy products in terms of low- or high-fat, as well as different types of dairy products such as milk, yogurt, cheese was not identified in our study; this may justify the discrepancy in the results, because studies show that specific types of dairy products such as low-fat milk and milk products have inverse association with hypertension and there were no association with high-fat dairy or cheese [ 44 ].…”

The Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Sleep Duration in Turkish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In multiple binary logistic regression analyses (adjusted for age and BMI) and by categorising sleep duration into four groups (≤8 h, 8.1-8.9 h, 9.0-9.9 h, ≥10 h), shorter sleep duration was also shown to be a risk factor for increased BP. There are several studies examining the relationship between increased BP and various environmental conditions, other than sleep duration ( 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ). In this present study, the only other significant environmental risk factor identified was location of the school the children or adolescents were attending and this was only true of the girls.…”

Evaluating of the predictors of high blood pressure in children and adolescence: Findings from Iranian health care system reform plan

“…No signi cant correlation was found between BP and dairy products in the current study. Greater intakes of dairy products were associated with lower SBP in white but not black children and teens in Dellavalle et al study, suggesting that greater dairy products intake alone might be not bene cial for all races [30]. There was no signi cant relationship between meals and hypertension.…”