What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid

It is mandatory to review environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurement protocols and exposure regulations: An opinion article

“…Most studies related to environmental EMFs in specific populations can be divided into two groups. On the one hand, epidemiological studies assess health parameters such as the presence of headaches, dizziness, sleep problems or others pathologies as a cause of continuous exposure to wireless devices (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35). This first group does not usually perform real-time, in situ measurements, and their exposure data is based on the use of different wireless devices, making simple estimates concerning time (28,31), distance to antennas (29), or mathematical prediction models (36).…”

“…This first group does not usually perform real-time, in situ measurements, and their exposure data is based on the use of different wireless devices, making simple estimates concerning time (28,31), distance to antennas (29), or mathematical prediction models (36). Secondly, studies that measure in real-time use different protocols and measurement systems (4,6,7,30,34). On the other hand, publications characterizing EMFs aim to observe that the RF-EMF exposures to which the general population is exposed are within the legal limits of each area (37-40).…”

“…Several scientific studies evaluate the possible effects of prolonged exposure to microwaves at the epidemiological level (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) and in vitro or in vivo models (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). However, the use of different methodologies in radiation measurement processes and different configurations of exposure equipment, such as frequency, radiation power density, and exposure time; do not allow adequate comparison of results, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions.…”

Compact Exposimeter Device for the Characterization and Recording of Electromagnetic Fields from 78 MHz to 6 GHz with Several Narrow Bands (300 kHz)

“…The lack of knowledge of the levels of RF-EMF radiation to which the population is exposed raises greater concern due to the possible adverse effects on health resulting from continuous exposure to these electromagnetic fields [1, 2,8,12,27]. At the moment, the solution for this problem is the use of systems, such as spectrum analyzers and exposimeters, that allow the measurement and characterization of RF-EMF [28]. According to the criteria of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the measurements must be carried out continuously, allowing the power intensity to be measured and discriminate between each frequency corresponding to the RF-EMF emission sources [1]; therefore, measurements made with a spectrum analyzer are the most appropriate for the characterization of RF-EMF.…”

Comment on: What is the radiation before 5G? A correlation study between measurements in situ and in real time and epidemiological indicators in Vallecas, Madrid, by I. López, N. Félix, M. Rivera, A. Alonso, and C. Maestú

“…

We have read the article recently published by Lopez et al, 2020(Lopez et al, 2021. This study aimed to find a possible relationship, if any, between exposure to RF-EMF with some health indicators such as sleep, headache, and fatigue collected through surveys, using maximum electromagnetic radiation peak-to-peak measurements.

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