What is the evidence base for public involvement in health‐care policy?: results of a systematic scoping review

Conklin, Annalijn; Morris, Zoë Slote; Nolte, Ellen

doi:10.1111/hex.12038

Cited by 142 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Health policymakers and practitioners have been using this approach to enhance accountability, improve trust and help cost-effective decisionmaking (Church et al 2002). To realise these, a spectrum of methods or techniques to involve the public in the formulation of health policy and program planning has been used, such as citizen's juries (Iredale and Longley 2007;Street et al 2014), citizen's panel, community meetings, public consultation, among others (Conklin et al 2015). However, there has been a broad understanding of the concept of public participation, and it has been variously defined by several authors in the field of health policy and planning.…”

Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some papers (e.g. Mitton et al 2009;Conklin et al 2015), public participation is a type of public involvement. However, in this paper, the term public participation was used interchangeably with public involvement and with public engagement.…”

Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others also identified the possible outcome of public participation (Alborz et al 2002;Restall and Kaufert 2011;Carman et al 2015;Conklin et al 2015). Although there has been an increasing number of studies of public participation in health policy and planning, no studies have focused on the factors that provide explanations on how and why effectiveness could be achieved in this field.…”

Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis

Pagatpatan

Ward

2017

Aust. J. Prim. Health

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Abstract. Although researchers argue for the importance of involving the public in developing health policy, there has been little focus on central research questions -such as what techniques of public participation work, in what circumstances, and why. This paper presents a realist synthesis which identifies and explains the underlying mechanisms and specific contextual factors that lead to effective public participation in health policy and planning. Peer-reviewed, English language literature was searched, which resulted in 77 articles for review and synthesis. This synthesis uncovered the underlying mechanism of 'political commitment' that generates public participation effectiveness. The other three possible underlying mechanisms, namely: 'partnership synergy', 'inclusiveness' and 'deliberativeness', were found to potentially provide further explanation on public participation effectiveness for health policy and planning. The findings of this review provide evidence that can be useful to health practitioners and decision-makers to actively involve the public when drafting public health policies and programs and, more importantly, guide them in deciding which strategies to best employ for which contexts.

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Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Public Participation In Health Policy and Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis

Pagatpatan

Ward

2017

Aust. J. Prim. Health

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“…Examples are the British Columbia biobank deliberation [3] and the CARTaGENE Project on establishing a genetic database [4]. These and other PIA approaches employ a range of engagement methods such as focus groups, deliberative group discussions or citizen juries [5,6,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Public Involvement Activities in Biomedical Research and Innovation Recruit Representatively? A Systematic Qualitative Review

Lander

Hainz

Hirschberg

et al. 2016

Public Health Genomics

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Background: Public involvement activities (PIAs) may contribute to the governance of ethically challenging biomedical research and innovation by informing, consulting with and engaging the public in developments and decision-making processes. For PIAs to capture a population's preferences (e.g. on issues in whole genome sequencing, biobanks or genome editing), a central methodological requirement is to involve a sufficiently representative subgroup of the general public. While the existing literature focusses on theoretical and normative aspects of ‘representation', this study assesses empirically how such considerations are implemented in practice. It evaluates how PIA reports describe representation objectives, the recruitment process and levels of representation achieved. Methods: PIA reports were included from a systematic literature search if they directly reported a PIA conducted in a relevant discipline such as genomics, biobanks, biotechnology or others. PIA reports were analyzed with thematic text analysis. The text analysis was guided by an assessment matrix based on PIA-specific guidelines and frameworks. Results: We included 46 relevant reports, most focusing on issues in genomics. 27 reports (59%) explicitly described representation objectives, though mostly without adjusting eligibility criteria and recruiting methods to the specific objective. 11 reports (24%) explicitly reported to have achieved the intended representation; the rest either reported failure or were silent on this issue. Conclusion: Representation of study samples in PIAs in biomedical research and innovation is currently not reported systematically. Improved reporting on representation would not only improve the validity and value of PIAs, but could also contribute to PIA results being used more often in relevant policy and decision-making processes.

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“…Choice has been installed into public service discourse to improve cost-effectiveness and create efficiency through competition (Hunter, 2009;Le Grand, 2007), according with neoliberal approaches to New Public Management (Hasenfeld & Garrow, 2012) and market-based reform (Clarke, Newman, & Westmarland, 2008). Citizens are now positioned as consumers who are active choosers of public services rather than passive recipients without choice (Conklin, Morris, & Nolte, 2015;Fotaki, 2011). Citizens qua consumers have the right to choose and exercise their consumer rights in a public services context, for example, choosing a preferred GP and choosing between treatment options offered by the doctor (Downie & Randall, 2008), or choosing how to spend a disability support package in order to meet individual needs and preferences (Windholz, 2014).…”

Section: Background To the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies of choice: The shaping of choice on the World Wide Web

Graham¹

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Nowadays, choice is a ubiquitous aspect of everyday life. The emergence of the web has contributed to this explosion of choice, providing a seemingly endless landscape of goods and services to choose from. Whilst choice is held to be fundamental to individual freedom, wellbeing and self-identity, we currently have little understanding about how websites shape or govern choice, and what this might mean for individuals and society. This thesis undertakes a foundational examination of how choice is shaped in online spaces with respect to the design features and architecture of websites. Websites, or parts thereof, that are designed to enable users to navigate choice and compare between options to make decisions, are defined in this study as 'Technologies of Choice' (ToC).In undertaking the study, a phased, mixed methods approach was used. Drawing on several fields of literature, including science and technology studies, Foucaultian social theory, current and emerging social perspectives of choice, and Internet studies, a conceptual framework was developed for examining how choice is constructed and governed on the web. The ToC conceptual framework has four over-arching dimensions: 'Having Choice', 'Facilitating Choice', 'Knowledge Production', and 'Configuring Users'. The conceptual framework was then elaborated through an analysis of websites, resulting in 12 'sub-dimensions' and 56 'features'. The 12 sub-dimensions categorise sets of ToC features that shape choice in particular ways, for example, the 'scale' at which choice is provided or the different 'characteristics of commensurability' that make comparisons possible.Following this, the resulting conceptual framework was applied as an analytical tool to categorise 500 top-ranking websites, using content analysis. Of these 500 websites, 193 (or 39%) were identified as 'ToC websites'. The features of these 193 websites were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis, and hierarchical clustering, in order to determine the scale and patterns of distribution of ToC on the web, including whether there are broader 'types' of ToC that shape choice differently. ToC are found to be widespread on the web, constituting a kind of 'infrastructure of modernity'. Whilst ToC are predominantly observed in the commercial settings of recreational services and personal goods, the thesis shows that they are also found in other contexts, including consumer information, health and social care, and in different countries. Although the choice-making literature focuses on comparisons between 'products', the study finds that ToC more commonly enable comparisons between private services (67% of ToC sites) than private goods (42% of ToC sites). Similarly, choice is not always global: a third of ToC websites scale down the options on offer, for example to a particular brand (e.g. Virgin Media or BMW).Despite the ubiquity of ToC, the thesis finds diversity in their design. ToC features are not deployed uniformly on the web: some features are widely used (...

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What is the evidence base for public involvement in health‐care policy?: results of a systematic scoping review

Abstract: Background Public involvement in health-care policy has been advocated as a means to enhance health system responsiveness, yet evidence for its impact has been difficult to ascertain.

Cited by 142 publications

References 43 publications

Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis

Understanding the factors that make public participation effective in health policy and planning: a realist synthesis

Do Public Involvement Activities in Biomedical Research and Innovation Recruit Representatively? A Systematic Qualitative Review

Technologies of choice: The shaping of choice on the World Wide Web

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