What is psychophysically perfect image stabilization? Do perfectly stabilized images always disappear?

Arend, Lawrence E.; Timberlake, George T.

doi:10.1364/josaa.3.000235

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…According to this view, the physiological motion of the retinal image is necessary to refresh neuronal responses and prevent the disappearance of a stationary ~cenc. This clain1, hovvever, rernains controversial given the typically brief durations of natural visual fixation (Arend and Timberlake, 1986;Ditchburn, 1987;Steinman and Levinson, 1990;Coppola. and Purvos, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixational instability and natural image statistics: Implications for early visual representations

Rucci

Casile

2005

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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Under natural vicv-.Ting-conditions 1 srnall movements of the eye: head, and body prevent the maintenance of a, steady direction of gaze. It is known tlu.tt stinmli tend to fade when they are stabilized on the retina for scveraJ seconds. Hm:vever: it is undcar whether the physiological motion of the retinal image serves a visual purpose during the brief periods of natural visual fixation. Thb r:;tucly exrtmines the in1paet of Hxational instability on the statistics of the visua.1 input to the retina. and on the structure of neural activity in the crtrly visual system. We sho\\' that fixa.tiona.l im;tnbility introduees a cornponcmt in the retinal input signals that) in the presence of natural images, lacks spatiaJ correlations. This c:omponent strongly infl1.wncc;s neuraJ activity in a model of the LGN. It decorrdates cell responses even if the contrast sensitivity functions of simulated cells arc not perfc-;;ctly tuned to counter-balance the power-bsv spectrum of natura.l i1nagcs. A clecorrelation of neural activity at the early stages of the visual system has been proposed to be bendieial for discarding statistica.l redundancies in the input f:lignals. The results of this study suggest that fixa..tional instability rnight contribute to ef:lta.blbhing efficient representations of natural stimuli.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixational instability and natural image statistics: Implications for early visual representations

Rucci

Casile

2005

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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“…Indeed, controversies even exist on whether or not perfectly stabilized images disappear completely in the long term (Arend and Timberlake, 1986; Ditchburn, 1987). The attenuation in contrast sensitivity measured during prolonged viewing of stabilized stimuli (many seconds or even minutes; Koenderink, 1972; Kelly, 1979; Tulunay-Keesey, 1982) is not observed with brief stimulus exposures comparable to the duration of natural fixation (Tulunay-Keesey, 1982; Rucci et al, 2007).…”

Section: Visual Functions Of Microsaccadesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact field guide to the study of microsaccades: Challenges and functions

2016

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Following a period of quiescence at the end of last century, the study of microsaccades has now regained strong impetus and broad attention within the vision research community. This new wave of interest, partly fueled by the advent of a new generation of high-resolution eyetrackers, has attracted new researchers and led to new ideas. Old hypothesis have been revisited and new ones formulated. This article is designed to serve as a practical guide for researchers in the field. Because of the history of the field and the difficulty of measuring very small eye movements, the study of microsaccades presents peculiar challenges. Here, we summarize some of the main challenges and describe methods for assessing and improving the quality of the recordings. Furthermore, we examine how these experimental challenges have influenced analysis of the visual functions of microsaccades and critically review current evidence on three long-debated proposals: the maintenance of fixation, the prevention of visual fading, and the exploration of fine spatial detail.

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“…The topic of vision with stabilized images has been reviewed extensively (see, for example, Arend & Timberlake, 1986; Kowler, 1991; Martinez-Conde, Macknik, & Hubel, 2004; Steinman et al, 1973), and there have been some newer investigations, such as by Rucci, Iovin, Poletti, and Santini (2007). Steinman and Levinson (1990) discussed vision with stabilized images within the framework of the relation between retinal image motion and visual thresholds for perceiving contrast and detail.…”

Section: The Historical Roots Of the Microsaccadementioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of microsaccades for vision and oculomotor control

2008

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Over the past decade several research groups have taken a renewed interest in the special role of a type of small eye movement, called ‘microsaccades’, in various visual processes, such as the activation of neurons in the central nervous system, or the prevention of image fading. As the study of microsaccades and their relation to visual processes goes back at least half a century, it seems appropriate to review the more recent reports in light of the history of research on maintained oculomotor fixation, in general, and on microsaccades in particular. Our review shows that there is no compelling evidence to support the view that microsaccades (or, fixation saccades more generally) serve a necessary role in improving oculomotor control or in keeping the visual world visible. The role of the retinal transients produced by small saccades during fixation needs to be evaluated in the context of both the brisk image motions present during active visual tasks performed by freely moving people, as well as the role of selective attention in modulating the strength of signals throughout the visual field.

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What is psychophysically perfect image stabilization? Do perfectly stabilized images always disappear?

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Fixational instability and natural image statistics: Implications for early visual representations

Fixational instability and natural image statistics: Implications for early visual representations

A compact field guide to the study of microsaccades: Challenges and functions

The significance of microsaccades for vision and oculomotor control

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