What Is New in Pediatric Bone Health

Beck, Jennifer J.; Mahan, Susan T.; Nowicki, Philip D.; Schreiber, Verena; Minkowitz, Barbara

doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000001896

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…In the literature, due to differences in data from countries, the level of vitamin D in children and adolescents varies between 19% and 60%, and the level of deficiency varies between 7% and 68% [ 26 ]. Studies have shown that patients with musculoskeletal pain may have D hypovitaminosis, and hypovitaminosis D may cause widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly chronic low back pain [ 13 , 27 - 29 ]. Vitamin D is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism and is important in the inflammatory and immune response of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that patients with musculoskeletal pain may have D hypovitaminosis, and hypovitaminosis D may cause widespread chronic musculoskeletal pain, particularly chronic low back pain [13,[27][28][29]. Vitamin D is a hormone that regulates calcium and bone metabolism and is important in the inflammatory and immune response of the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Vitamin D Levels and the Effects of Being an Agricultural Worker on Etiology and Night Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Low Back Pain

ERDOGAN¹,

Ay²

2023

Cureus

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Objective: Chronic low back pain in children is a condition that should be investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of agricultural work on imaging results, risk factors, night pain, and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic low back pain. Material and methods: The study included 133 patients who presented to the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery outpatient clinics with low back pain that had lasted more than three months. The patients were evaluated based on the duration of their low back pain, the presence of night pain, a family history of low back pain, their employment status, local or radicular pain, and their body mass index (BMI). A physical examination was carried out to look into the etiologies of low back pain. Appropriate imaging, such as x-ray radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), was performed for the patients. Blood samples were collected from patients to assess inflammatory pathologies and vitamin D levels. Results: The 133 patients in the study ranged in age from seven to 16 years, with a mean age of 14.3 + 1.9 years. Further, 60.2% (n = 80) of the cases were male, while 39.8% (n = 53) were female. Imaging revealed findings in 59.4% of the patients. In 97.7% of the participants, D hypovitaminosis was detected. There was no significant relationship between the patients’ imaging findings and vitamin D deficiency, family history, BMI, and employment status (p = 0.441, 0.147, 0.082, 0.605). The relationship between family history, employment status, and night pain was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between night pain and vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.667). Conclusion: Mechanical strain due to agricultural work and family history was found to be associated with night pain in patients with chronic low back pain in our study. The most important finding of this study is that night pain, which is considered a red flag, can occur in both inflammatory pathologies and situations causing mechanical low back pain, and risk factors should be thoroughly investigated. Studies with patients who have sufficient vitamin D will help to clarify the relationship between chronic low back pain and vitamin D.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Vitamin D Levels and the Effects of Being an Agricultural Worker on Etiology and Night Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Low Back Pain

ERDOGAN¹,

Ay²

2023

Cureus

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“…Recently, a distinctive NAFLD-associated transcriptomic signature, which included a highly expressed TGF-β1, has been reported in the white AT of severely obese females [ 16 ]. Besides vascular inflammation, weight gain, kidney failure, and liver and heart diseases, the disease–gene interaction also revealed unipolar depression, various cancers, and scoliosis, all known risks for obese children [ 3 , 20 , 21 ]. Several cancer-related TFs such as JUNB, JUND, Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), and ETS1 were part of the TF–mRNA regulatory network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral Adipose Tissue Molecular Networks and Regulatory microRNA in Pediatric Obesity: An In Silico Approach

Roy

Modi

Ghosh

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Childhood obesity carries an increased risk of metabolic complications, sleep disturbances, and cancer. Visceral adiposity is independently associated with inflammation and insulin resistance in obese children. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to detect the gene expression pattern and its regulatory network in the visceral adipose tissue of obese pediatric individuals. Using differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) identified from two publicly available datasets, GSE9624 and GSE88837, we performed functional enrichment, protein–protein interaction, and network analyses to identify pathways, targeting transcription factors (TFs), microRNA (miRNA), and regulatory networks. There were 184 overlapping DEGs with six significant clusters and 19 candidate hub genes. Furthermore, 24 TFs targeted these hub genes. The genes were regulated by miR-16-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-103a-3p, and miR-107, the top miRNA, according to a maximum number of miRNA–mRNA interaction pairs. The miRNA were significantly enriched in several pathways, including lipid metabolism, immune response, vascular inflammation, and brain development, and were associated with prediabetes, diabetic nephropathy, depression, solid tumors, and multiple sclerosis. The genes and miRNA detected in this study involve pathways and diseases related to obesity and obesity-associated complications. The results emphasize the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway and its regulatory molecules, the immune system, and the adipocytic apoptotic pathway in pediatric obesity. The networks associated with this condition and the molecular mechanisms through which the potential regulators contribute to pathogenesis are open to investigation.

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“…Pediatric bone health is influenced by many factors, including nutrition, obesity, and systemic health conditions that can contribute to fracture rate and the need for treatment among pediatric patients [ 26 ]. Our study found that patients from URM groups were more likely to have higher ASA scores and pulmonary comorbidities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial Disparities in Outcomes Following Open Treatment of Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures

Malyavko¹,

Quan²,

Kraft³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Introduction Femoral shaft fractures are a common pediatric injury that can require non-operative or operative management. Several studies have shown that race impacts pain management and a number of emergency department visits in the pediatric femur fracture population. This study aimed to investigate any association between pediatric patient race and number of comorbidities, 30-day postoperative outcomes, and length of stay following open surgical treatment of femoral shaft fractures. Methods Pediatric patients who underwent open treatment of femoral shaft fracture were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database from 2012-2019. Patients were categorized into two cohorts: White and underrepresented minority (URM). URM groups included Black or African American, Hispanic, Native American or Alaskan, and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications were compared using bivariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results Of the 5,284 pediatric patients who underwent open treatment of femoral shaft fracture, 3,650 (69.1%) were White, and 1,634 (30.9%) were URM. Compared to White patients, URM patients were more likely to have a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p=0.012), more likely to have pulmonary comorbidities (p=0.005), require preoperative blood transfusion (p=0.006), and have an increased risk of prolonged hospital stay (OR 2.36; p=0.007). Conclusion Pediatric URM patients undergoing open treatment of femoral shaft fractures have an increased risk of extended hospital stay postoperatively compared to White patients. As the racial and ethnic constitution of the pediatric population changes, understanding racial and ethnic health disparities will be crucial to providing equitable care to all patients.

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What Is New in Pediatric Bone Health

Abstract: Background: This review paper aims to report on the last 5 years of relevant research on pediatric bone health in regard to nutrition and obesity, ethnic disparities, common orthopaedic conditions, trauma, spine, and sports medicine.

Cited by 17 publications

References 83 publications

Investigation of Vitamin D Levels and the Effects of Being an Agricultural Worker on Etiology and Night Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Low Back Pain

Investigation of Vitamin D Levels and the Effects of Being an Agricultural Worker on Etiology and Night Pain in Children and Adolescents With Chronic Low Back Pain

Visceral Adipose Tissue Molecular Networks and Regulatory microRNA in Pediatric Obesity: An In Silico Approach

Racial Disparities in Outcomes Following Open Treatment of Pediatric Femoral Shaft Fractures

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