What is new in cryptorchidism and hypospadias—a critical review on the testicular dysgenesis hypothesis

Thorup, Jørgen; McLachlan, Robert I; Cortes, Dina; Nation, Tamara; Balic, Adam; Southwell, Bridget R.; Hutson, John M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.030

Cited by 162 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, testing whether such adult-onset disorders originate in fetal life is challenging in humans, as it requires "looking back in time" over 20 or more years (2,11). Consequently, the TDS hypothesis remains largely untested and unproven (12,13), although circumstantial supporting evidence from clinical studies has grown progressively (1,3,5,14,15). If the TDS hypothesis was proved correct, it would refocus research effort in humans toward identifying causal factors acting via the pregnant mother that might be preventable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced testicular dysgenesis syndrome originates in the masculinization programming window

Driesche¹,

Kilcoyne²,

Wagner³

et al. 2017

JCI Insight

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced testicular dysgenesis syndrome originates in the masculinization programming window

Driesche¹,

Kilcoyne²,

Wagner³

et al. 2017

JCI Insight

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“…Testicular dysgenesis syndrome; manifested by conditions such as cryptodhidism, impaired spermatogenesis, hypospadias and testicular cancer are implicated as risk factors for either male infertility or testicular cancer. Cryptorchidism is an established risk factor for infertility and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor (TGCT) [136]. Studies by Thorup et al [137] indicated that between 5-10% of men who develop testicular cancer were or are cryptorchidism.…”

Section: Clinical Condition That May Promote Infertilty And/or Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Male Infertility a Natural Defense or Forerunner of Cancer?

Ekun¹

2015

Andrology

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Infertility connotes inability to become pregnant after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Male factor is known to be responsible for almost 50% of cases of infertility. There are increasing evidences of possible association between infertility, especially male infertility and cancer. Higher risk of subsequently developing testicular cancer and clinically important prostate cancer has been suggested. Hence, there is possibility of common etiologic factors for male infertility and metastasis of these reproductive organs. The main circulatory androgen in man, testosterone is known to function as prohormone that is converted to active steroid, dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase in the prostatic cells. This hormone and enzyme are not only important in spermatogenesis and maturation of sperm cells but important in prostatic growth and development of prostate cancer. The level of 5α-reductase in particular increased in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer and continues to rise as the disease progresses. Mutation and polymorphism of androgen receptor has been related to both prostate cancer and infertility. Furthermore, protostomes which is a small membrane-bound vesicle that are produced within the prostate acini are known to fuse with and transfer proteins to spermatozoa, enhancing their motility and modulating their functions. The corpus function and production of this protostomes in metastasis will directly affect the quality and function of sperm cells, consequently causing infertility. Cancer of the testicular germ cells has also been implicated in decline semen quality and infertility. In addition, testicular dysgenesis syndrome; a theoretical constructs attempted to relate environmental modulators, genetics, and infertility in the development of testicular cancer. Reactive oxygen species and free radicals damages of DNA and faulty DNA repair are also common mechanism implicated in both male infertility and cancer. This article reviews the suggested associations and possible related mechanisms that contribute to cancer of reproductive organs and male infertility.

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“…The incidence of UDT is around 1.5-2% [2]. An UDT has about 3.7 to 7.4 times risk of developing a malignancy in adulthood compared to a testis of natural descent [3,4]. Fertility rates in men with UDT are lower than those with naturally descended testis 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at surgical referral and anatomical position of undescended testis in children presenting to the day surgical unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo

Ranawaka

Azmy

Banneheke

et al. 2017

J. Postgrad. Inst. Med.

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What is new in cryptorchidism and hypospadias—a critical review on the testicular dysgenesis hypothesis

Cited by 162 publications

References 154 publications

Experimentally induced testicular dysgenesis syndrome originates in the masculinization programming window

Experimentally induced testicular dysgenesis syndrome originates in the masculinization programming window

Is Male Infertility a Natural Defense or Forerunner of Cancer?

Age at surgical referral and anatomical position of undescended testis in children presenting to the day surgical unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children, Colombo

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