What is learned during place preference conditioning? A comparison of food- and morphine-induced reward

Spiteri, Thierry; Pape, G. Le; Ågmo, Anders

doi:10.3758/bf03331994

Cited by 35 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…We developed our assay from previous conditioning procedures where food was used as the UCS (Wen et al, 1997). It is possible that drug rewards and food rewards are fundamentally different when used as UCS (Spiteri, Le Pape, & Agmo, 2000). It has been argued that the preference observed after food conditioning is a measurement of the consummatory properties of the food, while drug-induced CPP is measuring the affective properties from the drug (Spiteri et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that drug rewards and food rewards are fundamentally different when used as UCS (Spiteri, Le Pape, & Agmo, 2000). It has been argued that the preference observed after food conditioning is a measurement of the consummatory properties of the food, while drug-induced CPP is measuring the affective properties from the drug (Spiteri et al, 2000). However, in this study, both the food UCS and drug UCS were given simultaneously with the chemosensory cues, therefore all final preference choices should be considered a reflection of the association with both the consummatory and affective properties of the UCS's.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…induced CPP is measuring the affective properties from the drug (Spiteri et al, 2000). However, in this study, both the food UCS and drug UCS were given simultaneously with the chemosensory cues, therefore all final preference choices should be considered a reflection of the association with both the consummatory and affective properties of the UCS's.…”

Section: Drug Chemosensory Cue Conditioning In C Elegansmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemosensory cue conditioning with stimulants in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of addiction.

Musselman¹,

Neal-Beliveau²,

Nass³

et al. 2012

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The underlying molecular mechanisms of drug abuse and addiction behaviors are poorly understood. C. elegans provide a simple, whole animal model with conserved molecular pathways well suited for studying the foundations of complex diseases. Historically, chemotaxis has been a measure used to examine sensory approach and avoidance behavior in worms. Chemotaxis can be modulated by previous experience, and cue-dependent conditioned learning has been demonstrated in C. elegans, but such conditioning with drugs of abuse has not been reported. Here we show that pairing a distinctive salt cue with a drug (cocaine or methamphetamine) results in a concentration-dependent change in preference for the cue that was paired with the drug during conditioning. Further, we demonstrate that pairing of either drug with a distinctive food type can also increase preference for the drug-paired food in the absence of the drug. Dopamine-deficient mutants did not develop drug-paired, cue-conditioned responses. The findings suggest that, like vertebrates, C. elegans display a conditioned preference for environments containing cues previously associated with drugs of abuse, and this response is dependent on dopamine neurotransmission. This model provides a new and powerful method to study the genetic and molecular mechanisms that mediate drug preference. KeywordsCaenorhabditis elegans; chemosensory cue conditioning; stimulants; addiction; drug reward Drug addiction is a multi-faceted condition that may interfere with an individual's ability to function normally within society. On a neurobiological level, it is believed that drugs of abuse can alter synaptic plasticity to produce behaviors geared toward increasing compulsive drug self-administration (Chen et al., 2009;Koob & Volkow, 2010). The biological systems already in place to sustain the organism (e.g., feeding) and survival of the species (e.g., sex), or the systems that are governed by natural rewards, can by "hijacked" by drugs to initiate and perpetuate drug taking behavior. The molecular mechanisms underlying various aspects of drug-induced changes in behavior remain unclear. To dissect these changes, animal models are utilized to characterize particular traits of addiction.Animal models provide opportunities to ethically and experimentally control studies of complex human diseases such as addiction. The majority of paradigms have used vertebrate models and have been developed to investigate the rewarding or positive reinforcing Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a simple animal model that can give insight into complex behaviors. C. elegans are able to sense environmental stimuli and employ approach or avoidance behavior to food, odors, and even light (Ward et al., 2008) through different neuronal systems (Bargmann, 2006). C. elegans was also the first multi-cellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced and many conserved gene systems exist between humans and these animals (Bargmann, 1998;Kaletta & Hengartner, 2006). Genes that are implicated in the actions ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug Chemosensory Cue Conditioning In C Elegansmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Chemosensory cue conditioning with stimulants in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of addiction.

Musselman¹,

Neal-Beliveau²,

Nass³

et al. 2012

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Therefore, the ability of both acute and continuous social interaction to attenuate ethanol-context approaching behavior in rats can be translated to humans. It is also important to note that previous studies have noted that specific behaviors (e.g., rearing, sniffing, proximal movements) may differ depending on the type of reinforcer used in the CPP paradigm [ 51 ], and may be used to determine the associative properties measured during CPP. The present study did not address this, although it is important for future studies to take this into consideration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paired Housing or a Socially-Paired Context Decreases Ethanol Conditioned Place Preference in Male Rats

Lorenz¹,

Moye²,

Leong³

2022

Brain Sciences

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Alcohol abuse dramatically affects individuals’ lives nationwide. The 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) estimated that 10.2% of Americans suffer from alcohol use disorder. Although social support has been shown to aid in general addiction prevention and rehabilitation, the benefits of social support are not entirely understood. The present study sought to compare the benefits of social interaction on the conditioned ethanol approach behavior in rats through a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm in which a drug is paired with one of two distinct contexts. In experiment 1A, rats were single-housed and received conditioning trials in which ethanol was paired with the less preferred context. In experiment 1B, rats underwent procedures identical to experiment 1A, but were pair-housed throughout the paradigm. In experiment 1C, rats were single-housed, but concurrently conditioned to a socially-paired context and an ethanol-paired context. By comparing the time spent between the ethanol-paired environment and the saline-paired or socially-paired environment, we extrapolated the extent of ethanol approach behavior in the pair-housed, single-housed, and concurrently conditioned rats. Our results revealed that social interaction, both in pair-housed animals or concurrently socially-conditioned animals, diminished the ethanol approach behavior, which highlights the importance of social support in addiction prevention, treatment, and recovery programs.

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“…These observations may suggest that the amount of sexual stimulation needed for classical conditioning depends on the response being conditioned (choice of female for ejaculation vs. approach to an environment associated with copulation). It must also be noted that the exact nature of the kind of learning involved both in conditioned ejaculatory preference and in place preference remains obscure (Spiteri, Le Pape, & Ågmo, 2000; Bardo & Bevins, 2000; Kippin et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavlovian conditioning with sexually relevant UCS: Which is the necessary UCR?

Chu¹,

Ågmo²

2012

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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In Experiment 1, four groups of male rats were subjected to Pavlovian conditioning of an approach response. In one group the reinforcer was one mount with a sexually receptive female and in another group it was one intromission. A third group was deprived of food for 8 h before every session and a fourth group was deprived for 16 h. These latter groups received a 94 mg food pellet as reinforcement. The conditional stimulus (CS)+ and CS- were different lights. Rats reinforced with mount, intromission, or food after 16 h of deprivation learned to approach the CS+ more than the CS-. There was no difference in performance between the groups making one mount and one intromission. Rats deprived of food for 8 h failed to discriminate between the CS+ and the CS-. The results obtained with food reinforcement show that performance in the conditioning procedure depends on the level of motivation, which should be the case in any valid procedure. In Experiment 2 we determined whether access to female odor, exposure to an inaccessible female, one mount, and one intromission could reinforce classical conditioning. Only mount and intromission were efficient. These data show that the earliest event in the sequence of sexual behaviors that can promote conditioning is mounting. The fact that mount and intromission are equally efficient for reinforcing Pavlovian conditioning shows that the somatic and visceral responses associated with these behavior patterns rather than sensory feedback from the genitals are crucial.

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What is learned during place preference conditioning? A comparison of food- and morphine-induced reward

Abstract: Incentive properties of the reward Approach to the reward. Execution of consummatory responses and consumption of the reward Positive affect CS .. C; _ _ ... ~. CRA ~ CR B ---I~. Instrumental response

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

Chemosensory cue conditioning with stimulants in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of addiction.

Chemosensory cue conditioning with stimulants in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of addiction.

Paired Housing or a Socially-Paired Context Decreases Ethanol Conditioned Place Preference in Male Rats

Pavlovian conditioning with sexually relevant UCS: Which is the necessary UCR?

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