What is ferrocarbonatite? A revised classification

Gittins, J.; Harmer, R. E.

doi:10.1016/s0899-5362(97)00068-7

Cited by 77 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Using the revised carbonatite classification diagram of Gittins and Harmer (1997), most samples plot in the magnesiocarbonatite field, close to the line defining the trend from dolomite to ankerite (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Major and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Deducing the source and composition of rare earth mineralising fluids in carbonatites: insights from isotopic (C, O, 87Sr/86Sr) data from Kangankunde, Malawi

Broom-Fendley

Wall

Spiro

et al. 2017

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Section: Major and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…REE-rich samples have the steepest REE distributions, except where the host Fig. 3 Kangankunde carbonatites plotted using molar proportions utilising the method and carbonatite nomenclature of Gittins and Harmer (1997). Arrows denote the principal mineralogical controls on the whole-rock composition.…”

Section: Major and Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deducing the source and composition of rare earth mineralising fluids in carbonatites: insights from isotopic (C, O, 87Sr/86Sr) data from Kangankunde, Malawi

Broom-Fendley

Wall

Spiro

et al. 2017

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…2) liquid immiscibility (exsolution of the carbonatite melt from the silicate melt) (Freestone and Hamilton, 1980;Kjarsgaard and Hamilton, 1988;, or 3) directly from partial melting of carbonated mantle peridotite Eggler, 1974;Eggler, 1978;Eggler, 1989;Sweeney, 1994;Gittins and Harmer, 1997).…”

Section: The Tectonic Setting and Origin Of Carbonatite Magmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results are summarized in Table 1. According to the classification scheme of Gittins and Harmer (1997) (Fig. 12).…”

Section: Carbonatite Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature and Origin of the REE Mineralization in the Wicheeda Carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada

et al. 2016

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In response to rising demand of the rare earth elements (REE), recent exploration of the British Columbia alkaline province has identified the Wicheeda Carbonatite, which contains an estimated 11.3 million tons of light REE-enriched ore grading 1.95 wt.% TREO, to be the highest-grade prospect known in British Columbia. However, research of the deposit is restricted to one paper describing mineralization in carbonatite dikes adjacent to the main plug. This study describes the nature and origin of REEmineralization in the Wicheeda plug.The carbonatite was emplaced in metasedimentary limestone and argillaceous limestone belonging to the Kechika Group, which has been altered to potassic fenite immediately adjacent to the carbonatite and to sodic fenite at greater distances from it. The carbonatite comprises a ferroan dolomite core, which passes outwards gradationally into calcite carbonatite. Three texturally distinct varieties of dolomite have been recognized. Un modèle est proposé dans lequel la carbonatite calcitique est la phase magmatique la plus précoce. Cette phase a atteint la saturation en niobium très tôt, entrainant la précipitation du pyrochlore. Le magma a évolué plus tardivement vers une composition de carbonatite dolomitique qui, lors de son refroidissement, a exsolvé un fluide aquocarbonique altérant les métasédiments de Kechika en fénite potassique et se mélangeant avec les eaux formationelles, plus distales, pour produire les fénites sodiques.Le fluide aquo-carbonique a mobilisé et transporté les ETR sous la forme de complexes chlorurés, au sein de la porosité et des fractures de la carbonatite dolomitique. A la suite des interactions fluide-roche prolongées, les ETR ont précipité du fait du refroidissement et de l'augmentation du pH ; la présence d'apatite a entrainé la formation de monazite-(Ce). La concentration hydrothermale a permis une répartition homogène des teneurs, avec la carbonatite dolomitique contenant dans son ensemble plus de 1 % TREO, faisant de Wicheeda un gisement très attrayant. Contributions of AuthorsThis thesis has been written in manuscript format in accordance with the regulations put

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“…Carbonatite dikes intrude the Oligocene phonotephrite and are radioactive due to the presence of uranium and thorium minerals [44,82] and have the chemical composition of predominantly calciocarbonatite ( Figure 5; also known as calcite carbonatite or sövite; after [193,194]), with minor ferrocarbonatite and magnesiocarbonatite (also known as dolomite carbonatite or beforsite). The carbonatites are poorly exposed and range in size from 12 m to 1219 m long and less than 1 m wide and consist of predominantly calcite, dolomite, barite, with trace amounts of apatite, goyazite (including REE-rich end member florencite to calcium-rich end member crandallite), bastnaesite, monazite, pyrite, and quartz [44,82].…”

Section: Laughlin Peak Districtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Earth Elements (REE) Deposits Associated with Great Plain Margin Deposits (Alkaline-Related), Southwestern United States and Eastern Mexico

McLemore

2018

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W.G. Lindgren in 1933 first noted that a belt of alkaline-igneous rocks extends along the eastern edge of the Rocky Mountains and Basin and Range provinces from Alaska and British Columbia southward into New Mexico, Trans-Pecos Texas, and eastern Mexico and that these rocks contain relatively large quantities of important commodities such as, gold, fluorine, zirconium, rare earth elements (REE), tellurium, gallium, and other critical elements. In New Mexico, these deposits were called Great Plain Margin (GPM) deposits, because this north-south belt of alkaline-igneous rocks roughly coincides with crustal thickening along the margin between the Great Plains physiographic province with the Basin and Range (including the Rio Grande rift) and Rocky Mountains physiographic provinces, which extends into Trans-Pecos Texas and eastern Mexico. Since 1996, only minor exploration and development of these deposits in New Mexico, Texas, and eastern Mexico has occurred because of low commodity prices, permitting issues, and environmental concerns. However, as the current demand for gold and critical elements, such as REE and tellurium has increased, new exploration programs have encouraged additional research on the geology of these deposits. The lack of abundant quartz in these systems results in these deposits being less resistant to erosion, being covered, and not as well exposed as other types of quartz-rich deposits, therefore additional undiscovered alkaline-related gold and REE deposits are likely in these areas. Deposits of Th-REE-fluorite (±U, Nb) epithermal veins and breccias are found in the several GPM districts, but typically do not contain significant gold, although trace amounts of gold are found in most GPM districts. Gold-rich deposits in these districts tend to have moderate to low REE and anomalously high tungsten and sporadic amounts of tellurium. Carbonatites are only found in New Mexico and Mexico. The diversity of igneous rocks, including alkaline-igneous rocks, and associated mineral deposits along this boundary suggests that this region is characterized by highly fractionated and differentiated, multiple pulses of mantle-derived magmas evolving to lower crustal magmas related to the subduction of the Farallon plate. The differences in incompatible trace elements, including REE and beryllium, between the different granitic to rhyolite rocks are likely related to either differences in the crustal rocks that were assimilated during magmatic differentiation or by potential minor contamination from crustal sources and/or magma mixing. Deep-seated fracture systems or crustal lineaments apparently channeled the magmas and hydrothermal fluids. Once magmas and metal-rich fluids reached shallow levels, the distribution and style of these intrusions, as well as the resulting associated mineral deposits were controlled by local structures and associated igneous rock compositions.

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What is ferrocarbonatite? A revised classification

Cited by 77 publications

References 1 publication

Deducing the source and composition of rare earth mineralising fluids in carbonatites: insights from isotopic (C, O, 87Sr/86Sr) data from Kangankunde, Malawi

Deducing the source and composition of rare earth mineralising fluids in carbonatites: insights from isotopic (C, O, 87Sr/86Sr) data from Kangankunde, Malawi

The Nature and Origin of the REE Mineralization in the Wicheeda Carbonatite, British Columbia, Canada

Rare Earth Elements (REE) Deposits Associated with Great Plain Margin Deposits (Alkaline-Related), Southwestern United States and Eastern Mexico

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