What is evidence?

Toon, Peter

doi:10.1080/17571472.2014.11493425

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…4 The randomised controlled trial (RCT) sits at the top of this hierarchy; nonrandomised controlled trials, case studies and observational studies occupy lower ranks on the EBP ladder, while qualitative studies are almost disregarded in terms of evidence and their status is considered comparable with ideas and opinions. 5 As Toon discusses in another paper on evidence in this issue, 6 rather than relying on single studies, EBP prefers to draw on a wide range of evidence gathered from a number of rigorously conducted research studies on a particular topic; systematic reviews are carried out to produce this. The Cochrane Collaboration that was established in 1993 generates these systematic reviews on a large range of topics (www.cochrane.org).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based practice: reflections from five European case studies

Baeza

Fraser

Boaz

2014

London Journal of Primary Care

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Key message(s). Evidence-based practice (EBP) needs to draw on a wide range of evidence that is not only based on randomized controlled trials. . The location of practice (acute, community or primary care) needs to be carefully considered when using EBP. . Inter-and intraprofessional relations need to be carefully considered in relation to EBP. Related LJPC papersToon and Thomas (both in this issue). Why this matters to meThrough our European study, we have learnt that the nature of evidence is a contested term that can both bring different professionals together, for example, within stroke units, or harm professional relationships, for example, between stroke units and primary and community care. For evidence-based practice to have a positive impact on patients, it needs to be used as an inclusive endeavour rather than an exclusive one. ABSTRACTBackground Evidence-based practice (EBP) is now the accepted orthodoxy in clinical practice and developed from evidence-based medicine. EBP is based on a specific type of evidence that is derived from studies based on randomised controlled trials (RCT). This type of evidence is suited to acute medical care and is more problematic for other clinicians such as nurses and therapists, particularly when they are situated within community or primary care settings. Setting Five stroke care services in England (2), Sweden (2) and Poland (1). Aims To reflect on the evidence gained from these case studies to shed light on various aspects of EBP. This paper focuses on three key issues: (1) the importance of context for evidence, (2) the nature of knowledge, and (3) professional hierarchies. Methods Five qualitative case studies into stroke care were carried out in England, Sweden and Poland. One hundred and twenty semi-structured interviews were carried out with a range of healthcare staff who provided specialised and non-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-based practice: reflections from five European case studies

Baeza

Fraser

Boaz

2014

London Journal of Primary Care

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Coping with Structural Uncertainty in Complex Living Systems

Zeyer

2021

Science | Environment | Health

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Virtue in Medical Practice: An Exploratory Study

2016

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Virtue ethics has long provided fruitful resources for the study of issues in medical ethics. In particular, study of the moral virtues of the good doctor—like kindness, fairness and good judgement—have provided insights into the nature of medical professionalism and the ethical demands on the medical practitioner as a moral person. Today, a substantial literature exists exploring the virtues in medical practice and many commentators advocate an emphasis on the inculcation of the virtues of good medical practice in medical education and throughout the medical career. However, until very recently, no empirical studies have attempted to investigate which virtues, in particular, medical doctors and medical students tend to have or not to have, nor how these virtues influence how they think about or practise medicine. The question of what virtuous medical practice is, is vast and, as we have written elsewhere, the question of how to study doctors’ moral character is fraught with difficulty. In this paper, we report the results of a first-of-a-kind study that attempted to explore these issues at three medical schools (and associated practice regions) in the United Kingdom. We identify which character traits are important in the good doctor in the opinion of medical students and doctors and identify which virtues they say of themselves they possess and do not possess. Moreover, we identify how thinking about the virtues contributes to doctors’ and medical students’ thinking about common moral dilemmas in medicine. In ending, we remark on the implications for medical education.

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What is evidence?

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence-based practice: reflections from five European case studies

Evidence-based practice: reflections from five European case studies

Coping with Structural Uncertainty in Complex Living Systems

Virtue in Medical Practice: An Exploratory Study

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