What is considered cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines in animal studies Corrigendum in /10.3892/or.2020.7717

Abstract

Anthracyclines are commonly used anticancer drugs with well-known and extensively studied cardiotoxic effects in humans. In the clinical setting guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity are well-established with important therapeutic implications. Cardiotoxicity in terms of impairment of cardiac function is largely diagnosed by echocardiography and based on objective metrics of cardiac function. Until this day, cardiotoxicity is not an endpoint in the current general toxicology and safety pharmacology preclinical studies, although other classes of drugs apart from anthracyclines, along with everyday chemicals have been shown to manifest cardiotoxic properties. Also, in the relevant literature there are not well-established objective criteria or reference values in order to uniformly characterize cardiotoxic adverse effects in animal models. This in depth review focuses on the evaluation of two important echocardiographic indices, namely ejection fraction and fractional shortening, in the literature concerning anthracycline administration to rats as the reference laboratory animal model. The analysis of the gathered data gives promising results and solid prospects for both, defining anthracycline cardiotoxicity objective values and delineating the guidelines for assessing cardiotoxicity as a separate hazard class in animal preclinical studies for regulatory purposes.

African Vegetables (Clerodendrum volubile Leaf and Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extracts) Effectively Mitigate Trastuzumab-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…Another notable finding of this study is the effect of TZM and the oral pretreatments with CVE , IGE , and Vit. C. TZM , unlike anthracycline cytotoxic agents, have been reported not to alter the lipid profile of cancer patients on it although preexisting diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity along with a number of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities are known to increase the propensity for cardiotoxicity in cancer patients on anthracycline/ TZM therapy (Jawa et al, 2016; Kosalka et al, 2019; Abdel-Rasaq et al, 2019; Georgiadis et al, 2020) [ 115 – 118 ]. Going by the fact that repeated TZM injections did not significantly alter the complete lipids profile including the cardiovascular disease risk indices including AI and CRI of treated rats strongly indicated our result to be in tandem with earlier studies.…”

Rosuvastatin and simvastatin attenuate cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity via disruption of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic death in rats: targeting ER-Chaperone GRP78 and Calpain-1 pathways

“…Severe cardiotoxic events usually occur post CP administration which manifest as cardiotoxicity with a fraction of the midrange ejection, and arrhythmias [ 3 ] as well as electrocardiographic alterations, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy [ 4 ]. In contrast to, anthracyclines, which are considered as well-established cardiotoxic compounds causing myocardial contractility suppression in a considerable number of patients [ 5 ]. Therefore, it is crucial to abate CP-induced cardiotoxicity through understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying it [ 6 ].…”

Umbelliprenin relieves paclitaxel-induced neuropathy

“…Adverse effects of cancer treatments constitute a major concern for clinicians. [26] Neuropathic pain caused by Figure 2 Effects of UMB on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in mice. Section a confirms the induction of neuropathy following administration of PTX, as a significant difference in latency was found between the negative control and the sham group.…”