What is conservatism? History, ideology and party

Bourke, Richard

doi:10.1177/1474885118782384

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As I hope the above makes clear, when I discuss conservatism I am not referring to the various values that have historically been associated with conservative thinkers and political movements. People and organizations that self-identify as conservative do sometimes champion change, and political theory is illserved by dividing ideas and movements into univocal, opposing camps (Bourke 2018). Understanding actual political struggles in their historical context means dispelling with the notion that political actors can be categorized or essentialized according to coherent, contradictory positions, such as conservative and radical (Edwards 2006).…”

Section: The Consequences Of Ai Conservatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservative AI and social inequality: conceptualizing alternatives to bias through social theory

Zajko

2021

AI & Soc

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In response to calls for greater interdisciplinary involvement from the social sciences and humanities in the development, governance, and study of artificial intelligence systems, this paper presents one sociologist's view on the problem of algorithmic bias and the reproduction of societal bias. Discussions of bias in AI cover much of the same conceptual terrain that sociologists studying inequality have long understood using more specific terms and theories. Concerns over reproducing societal bias should be informed by an understanding of the ways that inequality is continually reproduced in society -processes that AI systems are either complicit in, or can be designed to disrupt and counter. The contrast presented here is between conservative and radical approaches to AI, with conservatism referring to dominant tendencies that reproduce and strengthen the status quo, while radical approaches work to disrupt systemic forms of inequality. The limitations of conservative approaches to class, gender, and racial bias are discussed as specific examples, along with the social structures and processes that biases in these areas are linked to. Societal issues can no longer be out of scope for AI and machine learning, given the impact of these systems on human lives. This requires engagement with a growing body of critical AI scholarship that goes beyond biased data to analyze structured ways of perpetuating inequality, opening up the possibility for radical alternatives.

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Section: The Consequences Of Ai Conservatismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservative AI and social inequality: conceptualizing alternatives to bias through social theory

Zajko

2021

AI & Soc

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“…Unearthing the moment when the French liberal tradition was invented confirms that the birth of major Western ideologies has gone hand in hand with the practice of claiming great ancestors (Bell, 2014; Bourke, 2018; Jones, 2017; Stanton, 2018; Stedman-Jones, 2016). In addition, coupling tradition-building with moments of theorization of liberalism, as this essay invites us to do, can help us to revisit the history of liberalism as a constant process of reinvention of preferred liberal traditions in light of shifting conceptions of liberalism.…”

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confidence: 99%

What Is French Liberalism?

Ghins

2022

Political Studies

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It has become commonplace to argue that Benjamin Constant and Alexis de Tocqueville form a distinct French liberal tradition going back to Montesquieu. Yet Tocqueville showed little interest in Constant, and early nineteenth-century French liberals did not recognize Montesquieu as the father of French liberalism. Based on these observations, this essay demonstrates that the French liberal tradition is a belated construction and explains how, when, and why it was invented. Exhuming the origins of the French liberal tradition, I argue, is important for our understanding of the history of liberalism and the mechanisms behind ideology formation.

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“… 6 Not all scholars are willing to regard Burke as the original architect of conservatism. See Jones (2017) and Bourke (2018). …”

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confidence: 99%

In The Shadows: Conservative Epistemology and Ideological Value

Blackburn

2021

Political Studies Review

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This article intervenes in the debate about the nature of conservatism. Some contributors to this debate have claimed that this ideology can be defined as an adjectival disposition. They claim, that is, that a conservative possesses an attitude towards shared values rather than a distinct set of substantive values. The following discussion interrogates this account of conservatism and concludes that it can only be coherent if we ignore the epistemological limits of conservative thinking.

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What is conservatism? History, ideology and party

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Conservative AI and social inequality: conceptualizing alternatives to bias through social theory

Conservative AI and social inequality: conceptualizing alternatives to bias through social theory

What Is French Liberalism?

In The Shadows: Conservative Epistemology and Ideological Value

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