What is changed in HBV molecular epidemiology in Italy?

Lai, Alessia; Sagnelli, Caterina; Presti, Alessandra Lo; Cella, Eleonora; Angeletti, Silvia; Spoto, Silvia; Costantino, Sebastiano; Sagnelli, Evangelista; Ciccozzi, Massimo

doi:10.1002/jmv.25027

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…In children, its effectiveness exceeds 90% and, comparing the era before vaccination and 2015, the WHO reported that global coverage with the three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in infancy reached 84% in 2015 and resulted in a decrease in the global proportion of children under 5 from 4.7% to 1.3% [136]. Moreover, the prevalence of HBsAg was markedly reduced and less than 1% of the population of Western Europe and North America is chronically infected [104].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test HBsAg in blood donors, a oneyear study from April 2004 to March 2005 was performed on 31,190 Italian volunteer blood donors from age classes not subjected to universal HBV vaccination of which 100 (0.32%) were positive for both HBsAg and anti-HBc and two for HBsAg (0.01%) alone, suggesting a prevalence rate for HBV infection of 0.33% [103]. More recently, the rate of HBsAg-positive subjects in the open population ranged between 0.8% and 1% [104]. In Italy, prevalence of HBV infection in HD patients ranges from 0.6 to 2.2%, despite the decline of HBV infection worldwide in the general population, according to data from Regional Italian Registries.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

Madihi

Syed

Lazar

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Viral hepatitis B is a global public health problem affecting nearly two billion subjects; 3.3% of whom are from the WHO (World Health Organization) Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO). It induces both acute and chronic hepatic disorders with subsequent liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a considerable percentage of patients based on the age of exposure. In this review, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCC prevalence, distribution and prevalence of different genotypes, and male/female infection frequencies in relation to the vaccination status in the Mediterranean countries were reported. Study Design. This systematic review describes the prevalence of hepatitis B infection, genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus, and prevalence and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in Mediterranean countries belonging to three different continents: Southern Europe (Spain, France, Italy, Croatia, and Greece), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt), and the Near East region (Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, and Palestine). We tried to collect new data from electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and public health reports between 1980 and 2019. For each publication, we recorded reference, publication year, study characteristics (date, locations, sample size, and study population), and participant characteristics (population group, year, age, and sex). No language limitation was imposed, and articles or reports from non-peer-reviewed sources were not considered for this analysis. The main keywords were HBV prevalence, hepatitis B infection, HBV genotype, and HCC. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Healthy population-based studies included the following sample populations: (i) voluntary blood donors, (ii) pregnant women, (iii) community studies, (iv) hemodialysis patients, (v) hospitalized patients, (vi) healthcare workers, (vii) sex workers, (viii) drug abusers, and (ix) prisoners. We excluded studies from the following special groups who were assumed to be at a special high risk: patients from sexually transmitted disease clinics and thalassemia clinics and professional or paid blood donors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

Madihi

Syed

Lazar

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Of note, for 72.1% of them the diagnosis was late and less than 6 months prior to developing AIDS 3 . Concerning HIV most frequent co-infections, while the relative proportion of immigrants with chronic HBV infection in Italy has been estimated to be 20% 4 , the relative proportion of HCV infected immigrants is small 5,6 . Finally, a wide study in a cohort of over 27,000 socially marginalized immigrants in Piedmont estimated a prevalence of 2.7% of active TB 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High HIV-1 diversity in immigrants resident in Italy (2008–2017)

Maggiorella

Sanarico

Brindicci

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The proportion of new diagnoses of HIV infection in immigrants residing in Italy raised from 11% in 1992 to 29.7% in 2018. To investigate the HIV clades circulating in this community a retrospective study was performed in 557 HIV-infected immigrants living in 12 Italian cities. Immigrants originated from East-Europe and Central-Asia (11.7%), North Africa and Middle East (7.3%), South and SouthEast Asia (7.2%), Latin America and the Caribbean (14.4%), and sub-Saharan Africa (59.4%). More than 87% of immigrants were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), although 26.6% of them were viremic. A 22.0% of immigrants had hepatitis (HBV and/or HCV) and/or tuberculosis. HIV phylogenetic analysis on sequences from 192 immigrants showed the presence of clades B (23.4%), G (16.1%), C (10.4%), A1 (9.4%), F1 (5.2%), D (1.6%) and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) (33.9%). CRF02_AG represented 72.3% of the total CRFs. Clusters between immigrants and Italian natives were also present. Drug resistance mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drug classes occurred in 29.1% of ART-treated and in 12.9% of ART-naïve individuals. These data highlight the need for tailored public health interventions in immigrants to avoid spreading in Italy of HIV genetic forms and ART-resistant variants, as well as HIV co-morbidities.

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“…In the last few decades, the increasing incidence of HCC is ascribed to the emergence of chronic liver disease due to HCV and NAFLD but also to an increase in HBV-related HCC, particularly among immigrants from countries with endemic HBV infection. About half of HCC is related to alcohol consumption in Central and Eastern Europe, and to HCV in Western Europe [50] . The proportion of HBV-related HCC is about 15%-20% across different European countries and seems to be more frequent in Eastern Europe and combined with HCV or HDV co-infection [49] .…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

Anugwom¹,

Allaire²,

Akbar³

et al. 2021

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Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The age of occurrence, prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world. This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV, age of transmission of the virus, the timing of integration into the human genome, and different HBV genotypes, as well as environmental factors. It results in a wide difference in viral interaction with the immune system, genomic modulation and the consequent development of HCC in an individual. In this review, we describe many factors implicated in HCC development, provide insight regarding at-risk populations and explain societal recommendations for HCC surveillance in persons living with HBV in different continents of the world.

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What is changed in HBV molecular epidemiology in Italy?

Cited by 14 publications

References 98 publications

A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

A Systematic Review of the Current Hepatitis B Viral Infection and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Situation in Mediterranean Countries

High HIV-1 diversity in immigrants resident in Italy (2008–2017)

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

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