“…In brief, the collected samples were transferred to sterile buffered peptone water before being inoculated into Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth and incubated at 42°C for 24 h. Subsequently, a loopful of Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth was streaked onto MacConkey's and xylose lysine desoxycholate agar plates and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. For E. coli isolation, all collected samples were suspended in buffered peptone water, then the enrichment broth was streaked onto MacConkey's and eosin methylene blue agar media. Subsequently, the suspected E. coli and Salmonella cultures were identified using standard conventional phenotypic techniques ( Cruickshank et al, 1975 ; Ammar et al, 2015 ; Bendary et al, 2022a , b ; Elfaky et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, presumptive isolates were confirmed via API20E identification system (BioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) following the manufacturer's directions.…”