What Is Actually Affected by the Scrambling of Objects When Localizing the Lateral Occipital Complex?

Margalit, Eshed; Biederman, Irving; Tjan, Bosco S.; Shah, Manan

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01144

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The involvement of LO further supports the hypothesis that the processes involved in object recognition are involved in the perception of engravings. This hypothesis is consistent with the fact that LO has been proven to be sensitive to the shape, but not the semantics, of objects [48][49][50][51][52]. Concerning the ventral part of the LOC, includes in the fusiform gyrus, it has been shown that the left fusiform gyrus, which is involved in the visual processing of engravings, is sensitive to semantic information [53,54].…”

Section: Rationale and Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Neuroimaging supports the representational nature of the earliest human engravings

et al. 2019

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The earliest human graphic productions, consisting of abstract patterns engraved on a variety of media, date to the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic. They are associated with anatomically modern and archaic hominins. The nature and significance of these engravings are still under question. To address this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activations triggered by the perception of engraved patterns dating between 540 000 and 30 000 years before the present with those elicited by the perception of scenes, objects, symbol-like characters and written words. The perception of the engravings bilaterally activated regions along the ventral route in a pattern similar to that activated by the perception of objects, suggesting that these graphic productions are processed as organized visual representations in the brain. Moreover, the perception of the engravings led to a leftward activation of the visual word form area. These results support the hypothesis that these engravings have the visual properties of meaningful representations in present-day humans, and could have served such purpose in early modern humans and archaic hominins.

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Section: Rationale and Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Neuroimaging supports the representational nature of the earliest human engravings

et al. 2019

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“…The absence of a (stimulus-related) increase in VLOC activity in the dots and dots quadrant experiment seems incompatible with a study reporting enhanced LOC activity for intact compared to scattered objects with disturbed inter-part relations (Margalit et al, 2017). Yet, in this study, inter-part relations were abolished by disturbing the contiguity of different shape parts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…However, it is unclear whether the inverse relationship between the VLOC/LOC and lower visual cortex we and others quantified (Fang et al, 2008; Grassi et al, 2018; Murray et al, 2002) can be regarded as a generic perceptual grouping mechanism operating irrespective of shape perception. Recent evidence suggests, for instance, that activity in the LOC also decreases for intact vs scattered objects with abolished inter-part relations (Margalit et al, 2017) as it is the case during the no-diamond percept. In order to address this question, our third experiment used a non-ambiguous stimulus consisting of four circular apertures, each carrying a random dot kinematogram (RDK).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic Signatures of Global Object Perception in Human Visual Cortex

Stoll

Finlayson

Schwarzkopf

2019

Preprint

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Our visual system readily groups dynamic fragmented input into global objects. How the brain represents such perceptual grouping remains however unclear. To address this question, we recorded brain responses using functional magnetic resonance imaging whilst observers perceived a dynamic bistable stimulus that could either be perceived globally (i.e., as a grouped and coherently moving shape) or locally (i.e., as ungrouped and incoherently moving elements). We further estimated population receptive fields and used these to back-project the brain activity during stimulus perception into visual space via a searchlight procedure. Global perception resulted in non-topographic suppression of responses in lower visual cortex accompanied by wide-spread enhancement in higher object-sensitive cortex. However, follow-up experiments indicated that higher object-sensitive cortex is suppressed if global perception lacks shape grouping, and that grouping-related suppression can be diffusely confined to stimulated sites once stimulus size is reduced. These results speak against a rigid between-area response amplitude code acting as a generic grouping mechanism and point to a within-area response amplitude code mediating the perception of figure and ground.

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“…The involvement of this region further supports the hypothesis that the processes involved in object recognition are involved in the perception of EEAG. This hypothesis is consistent with the fact that LO has been proven to be sensitive to the shape, but not the semantics, of objects 22,23 . Thus, although the similarity between the profiles of the objects and EEAG does not demonstrate that EEAG were previously used as symbols, modern brains perceive these EEAG as coherent visual entities to which symbolic meaning can be attached.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Neuroimaging Supports the Representational Nature of the Earliest Human Engravings

Mellet

Salagnon

Majkic

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The earliest human graphic productions dating to the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic are associated with anatomically modern and archaic hominins. These productions, which consist of abstract patterns engraved on a variety of media, may have been used as symbols, and their emergence is thought to be associated with the evolution of the properties of the visual cortex. To test this hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activations triggered by the perception of engraved patterns dating between 540,000 and 30,000 years before the present with those elicited by the perception of scenes, objects, symbol-like characters, and written words. The perception of the engravings bilaterally activated regions in the ventral route in a pattern similar to that produced by the perception of objects, suggesting that these graphic productions are processed as organized visual representations in the brain. Moreover, the perception of the engravings led to a leftward activation of the visual word form area. These results support the hypothesis that in contrast to random doodles, the earliest abstract graphic productions had a representational purpose for modern and archaic hominins.

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What Is Actually Affected by the Scrambling of Objects When Localizing the Lateral Occipital Complex?

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Neuroimaging supports the representational nature of the earliest human engravings

Neuroimaging supports the representational nature of the earliest human engravings

Topographic Signatures of Global Object Perception in Human Visual Cortex

Neuroimaging Supports the Representational Nature of the Earliest Human Engravings

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