What is a paternal effect?

Crean, Angela J.; Bonduriansky, Russell

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2014.07.009

Cited by 177 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…For example, embryos might excrete stress hormones during development that are indicative of their mother's experiences. After hatching, fry from different mothers might behave differently, perhaps inducing differential retrieval and guarding behaviour in their fathers (similar to bird begging differences [14][15][16]). Determining whether fathers adjust their care to mother or offspring cues would be interesting to pursue by experimentally cross-fostering clutches from predator-exposed and unexposed mothers, as well as measuring offspring hormonal excretion and behaviour throughout development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A female's past experience with predators affects male courtship and the care her offspring will receive from their father

et al. 2015

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Differential allocation occurs when individuals adjust their reproductive investment based on their partner's traits. However, it remains unknown whether animals differentially allocate based on their partner's past experiences with predation risk. If animals can detect a potential mate's experience with predators, this might inform them about the stress level of their potential mate, the likelihood of parental effects in offspring and/or the dangers present in the environment. Using threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we examined whether a female's previous experience with being chased by a model predator while yolking eggs affects male mating effort and offspring care. Males displayed fewer conspicuous courtship behaviours towards females that had experienced predation risk in the past compared with unexposed females. This differential allocation extended to how males cared for the resulting offspring of these matings: fathers provided less parental care to offspring of females that had experienced predation risk in the past. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, that variation among females in their predator encounters can contribute to behavioural variation among males in courtship and parental care, even when males themselves do not encounter a predator. These results, together with previous findings, suggest that maternal predator exposure can influence offspring development both directly and indirectly, through how it affects father care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A female's past experience with predators affects male courtship and the care her offspring will receive from their father

et al. 2015

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“…The ability to adapt to a changing environment depends on the existence of additive genetic variance present within populations, the proportion of genetic variation that responds to natural selection (Billington and Pelham 1991;Kelly et al 2013). There is increasing evidence, however, that the sire component does not exclusively represent additive genetic variance (Crean and Bonduriansky 2014;Jensen et al 2014;Marshall 2015) and thus estimating genetic variance from paternal lines may not be accurate (Crean and Bonduriansky 2014). It can still offer important insights into adaptive potential by providing evidence of whether different genotypes are present in the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of genetic and environmental variance in early development of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri in response to increased ocean temperature and acidification

et al. 2016

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blastulae in low pH also performed well at increased temperatures. Performance at cleavage was a good predictor of performance at the later blastula stage. Significant dam by temperature interactions indicated differential performance among maternal half-siblings in response to increased temperature. Adaptation depends on additive genetic variance for stress tolerance being present in populations; however, there were no sire by stressor interactions found. This indicates that S. neumayeri will need to rely on phenotypic plasticity to persist through an ocean decreasing in pH and warming, at least with respect to early development.

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“…It should be easier to understand how the environment experienced by the father affects offspring because, in mammals, fathers contribute little more than the sperm cell during fertilization (Crean and Bonduriansky, 2014). However, although several paternal effects have been reported (Rando, 2012), it has been difficult to tie a crucial event experienced by the father to a specific effect observed in the offspring.…”

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confidence: 99%