What Is a Normal Testosterone Level for Young Men? Rethinking the 300 ng/dL Cutoff for Testosterone Deficiency in Men 20-44 Years Old

Zhu, Alex; Andino, Juan J.; Daignault‐Newton, Stephanie; Chopra, Zoey; Sarma, Aruna V.; Dupree, James M.

doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000002928

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…with sperm concentration less than 15 million/ml, progressive sperm motility less than 32% and normal morphology less than 4%. The median levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and metabolic parameters in our participants corresponded to normal reference ranges for men from European countries and the USA ( 77 – 79 ). The median concentrations of serum and seminal zinc were within the generally accepted normal values for Russian men ( 80 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study

Osadchuk,

Kleshchev,

Osadchuk

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundCigarette smoking seems to have a negative impact on men’s reproductive health, but our knowledge of its effects on the reproductive function of Russian men is still very limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality, including sperm DNA fragmentation, hormonal, zinc and metabolic status in young men from the general multi-ethnic Russian population (n=1,222, median age 23 years) and to find out the ethno-specific effects of smoking by comparing male groups of different ethnicity.MethodsEach participant filled out a standardized questionnaire, provided one blood and semen sample. Semen parameters, serum reproductive hormones, lipids, glucose, uric acid and seminal zinc were analyzed. Participants were classified as smokers (n=450) and non-smokers (n=772), and smokers were stratified into moderate (≤10 cigarettes/day) and heavy (>10 cigarettes/day) smokers.ResultsIn the entire study population, heavy smokers were characterized by a decrease in semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). There was also a reduction in the serum and seminal zinc level as well as an impairment in metabolic health in smokers compared with non-smokers (p<0.05). No significant differences between smokers and non-smokers were found for serum levels of LH, FSH, inhibin B, testosterone and estradiol. In the second part of our study, the most numerous ethnic groups of Slavs (n=654), Buryats (n=191), and Yakuts (n=125) were selected from the entire study population. Among three ethnic groups, the smoking intensity was higher in Slavs than in Buryats or Yakuts suggesting a greater tobacco addiction in Slavs than in Asians. A decrease in semen parameters and seminal zinc levels, and an increase in sperm DNA fragmentation and teratozoospermia was observed only in smoking Slavs (p<0.05); moderate decrease in testosterone and increase in triglyceride levels were revealed in smoking Yakuts (p<0.05), but no significant changes were detected in smoking Buryats.ConclusionWe concluded that cigarette smoking has an ethno-specific effect on male reproductive function, probably due to the different activity of the seminal antioxidant system, which is yet to be elucidated.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study

Osadchuk,

Kleshchev,

Osadchuk

2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…-35 --1], p = 0.04) were signi cant predictors of lower TT levels (Table 2). Current smokers were found to have higher TT levels on average (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)], p = 0.0051) (Table 2). Having hypertension and/or coronary artery disease did not signi cantly impact mean TT levels (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Partnership Status and Social Determinants of Health on Total Testosterone Levels in a Large Cohort of American Men

Shyr,

Jun,

Davila

2023

Preprint

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This study aims to investigate the interplay between biological and non-biological factors and their effects on total testosterone (TT) levels in men. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program designed to investigate the social and biological factors that affect TT levels in adult men in the United States. Data were obtained from the 2011–2016 NHANES survey study. We examined the effect of partnership status, family income-to-poverty ratio (PIR), education, tobacco use, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, age, and body mass index (BMI) on TT levels. Our final cohort included 7,168 men aged 18 to 79. In the multiple linear regression analysis, cohabitation and being Non-Hispanic Asian had the largest negative effect sizes (-34 [95%CI: -45 - -23] and − 40 [95%CI: -55 - -27]) on TT compared to those of BMI (p < 0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (p < 0.001), but the effect of PIR was not significant. This study suggests that living with a partner is one of the strongest predictors of lower testosterone in men.

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“…Male patients with TT level ≤346 ng/dL are suggestive of low testosterone level [ 27 ]. However, given that testosterone levels decline with age, we defined low testosterone level in young patients based on age-dependent cutoffs (age 25–29, 413 ng/dL, age 30–34, 359 ng/dL, age 35–39, 352 ng/dL, age 40–44, 350 ng/dL) [ 28 ]. The calculation formula of fat accumulation indicators were listed as follows: FLI = [e 0.953 × loge (TG)(mg/dL)+ 0.139 ×BMI(kg/m2) + 0.718 × loge (GGT) + 0.053 ×WC− 15.745 /(1 + e 0.953 × loge (TG) (mmol/L)+ 0.139 ×BMI(kg/m2) + 0.718 × loge (GGT)+ 0.053 × WC− 15.745 ] × 100 [ 20 ]; HSI = 8 × (ALT/AST ratio) + BMI (+2, if female; +2, if diabetes mellitus) [ 29 ]; LAP = (WC[cm]-65) × TG(mmol/L) [ 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fatty Liver Index, the Strongest Risk Factor for Low Testosterone Level

Liu,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2023

Obes Facts

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Introduction: The study aimed to determine if hepatic steatosis assessed by Fatty Liver Index (FLI) was an independent risk factor for male testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level and whether the FLI was the strongest risk factor for testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level in two different age groups. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were performed. A total of 3443 male participants (aged 46-75) were recruited into study A (part of lONgitudinal study (REACTION)). Then a total of 267 male participants (aged 25-45) were recruited into study B. Serum TT and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels, indicators for assessing hepatic steatosis were measured. The Pearson correlation and regression analysis were performed to investigate the risk factors for testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level. Results: The FLI had the strongest negative correlation with serum testosterone in the study A (r=-0.436) and B (r=-0.542). Compared with patients with a FLI lower than 30, the risk for testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level increased by 3.48–fold in subjects with a FLI higher than 60 adjusted for potential risk factors in study A. In study B, the OR of testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level in patients with potential hepatic steatosis was 4.26 (1.57-11.60) after adjusted for age and HOMA-IR, and 0.59 (0.14-2.60) after adjusted for age, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, body mass index, and SHBG. Conclusions: FLI, was the strongest risk factor for male testosterone insufficiencylow testosterone level independent of insulin resistance in a male populations of different ages, however the association can be modulated by SHBG levels in the young.

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What Is a Normal Testosterone Level for Young Men? Rethinking the 300 ng/dL Cutoff for Testosterone Deficiency in Men 20-44 Years Old

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study

Effects of cigarette smoking on semen quality, reproductive hormone levels, metabolic profile, zinc and sperm DNA fragmentation in men: results from a population-based study

Effects of Partnership Status and Social Determinants of Health on Total Testosterone Levels in a Large Cohort of American Men

The Fatty Liver Index, the Strongest Risk Factor for Low Testosterone Level

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