What impacts have geographical locations on the cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India:-observational analysis in India

Abstract

Background: Curiosity and need are the major forces driving invention and discoveries. The covid-19 said to originated from Wuhan of Hubei province in china have raised so many questions and doubts about origin and spread of disease and the controversy is still going on. The geographical location of Wuhan in relation to sea is of significant value in relation to covid-19 pandemic as observed in this research. The city of Wuhan is located on both banks of the Changjiang (the Great River, a.k.a the Yangtze River) about six hundred miles upstream from Shanghai and the Pacific Ocean. It is about four hundred miles upstream from Nanjing. Its location is supremely strategic, being where the Hanshui (Han River) joins the Changjiang. The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market was in news and highlighted by several media and news agency as probable source of origin of covid-19. The Huanan Seafood Market located in Wuhan was a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan City, and the capital of Hubei Province in Central China. My research aimed to assess the impact of geographical locations particularly coastal influence on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India, during COVID-19 pandemic from the beginning of pandemic cases in January 2020 in India with special focus on coastal states and union territories of India. The coast is also known popularly as the coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean, or as a line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean. The term coastal state and union territories is used to refer to a state where interactions of sea and land of states occur. The study also aims to find safest geographical location in covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The information on the number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was obtained from Health Department, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India, and data were matched and analyzed from online websites as well. The impact of geographical locations on the total/average/maximum/minimum confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 36 states and union territories of India was analyzed with Microsoft office and stata 15.1 for windows (64bit) will be used with Microsoft office in next version-2 of article for epidemiological comparison by calculating incidence, prevalence, mortality rate and other indicators. The study for global correlation of this research is also under process by the author. For the purpose of research India is divided into four geographical areas, 1 Coastal states and union territories (total ten in numbers), 2 Island groups (three in numbers), 3 north eastern states and east area i.e. Laddakh 4 other states and union territories having plain areas (14 in numbers).Results: The findings showed that total numbers of death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories with a count of 240628 since beginning of the pandemic whereas the islands group reported the lowest total numbers of death from covid-19. The average death from covid-19 is highest in coastal states and union territories group with a count of 24062.8 followed by other states and union territories group with a count of 9754.07. The islands group reported the lowest average numbers of death from covid-19 with a count of 58.67. A similar trend was found for numbers of confirmed cases with coastal states on top having largest number of covid-19 cases.Conclusions: The findings indicate that coastal locations have larger number of daily cases of COVID-19 and the growth of the disease as well as in the mortality.

What is the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic era 2020 on JSSK-JANANI-SHISHU SURAKSHA KARYAKRAM (Mother-Child Protection Program) Services Utilization in India – A Cross-Sectional Comparative Research Study?

“…The ongoing COVID19 pandemic has disrupted several routine health services utilization in India due to lockdowns etc, particularly the RCH (reproductive and child health) continuum of care, and a situation of rethinking persist today in the healthcare system's current scenario to prioritize the services according to need and urgency to constitute a robust framework to ensure public health services utilization amidst pandemic or any disasters [5]. Owing to the wide variations among 36 states and UTs of India in the healthcare workforce, state / UTs rankings in the NITI Aayog report, management, equipment, facilities, and geographical locations among various states and UTs; a complex and robust healthcare management framework is much needed to cope with the increasing population during disasters like ongoing COVID19 [6,7,8]. Other Public health services utilization was also reduced in scale due to the impact of COVID-19 as well as the women and children are particularly considered a vulnerable group during disasters and calamities such as COVID-19 and apart from health issues these groups also suffer from violence and mental agony in situations like COVID-19 leading to the family as well as social/national distress [9, 10, 11, 12, and 13].…”