What if the Sea were Different? Urbanization in Medieval Norway

The cultural evolution of love in literary history

“…per capita GDP of Wales' in 1000 is 66% of per capita GDP of England in 1000). These results are consistent with independent works (129,130,148). We then extrapolate, assuming a continuous growth from 600 onward (as in the rest of Western Europe), starting with a GDP of $400 (following Maddison's assumption that this the GDP per capita in a non-urbanized country).…”

The population genomic legacy of the second plague pandemic

“…Trondheim became a site of pilgrimage for Christians following the canonisation of its founder and the establishment of the powerful Nidaros Cathedral in 1152 CE, along with thirteen other churches in the city centre. 29 Also named Nidaros during the Middle Ages, the city was the capital of Norway until 1217 CE. The surrounding area, called Sor-Trøndelag, is still a fertile district that is well adapted to agriculture, and able to sustain both a rural and town population during the medieval period.…”

“…One is the ''Library site'' (just north of the ruins of St. Olav's church), that contains samples (n = 11) that date confidently to before 1,349 CE (the year the plague arrived in Trondheim). The other is the West Front of the Nidaros Cathedral, which contains samples (n = 13) that A ˚shild J. Va ˚gene, 1,21,22 Sean Dexter Denham, 23 Axel Christophersen, 8 Hans K. Stenøien, 8 Filipe G. Vieira, 1 Shanlin Liu, 1,24 Torsten Gu ¨nther, 25 Toomas Kivisild, 26,27 Ole Georg Moseng, 28 Birgitte Skar, 8 Christina Cheung, 1,29 Marcela Sandoval-Velasco, 1 Nathan Wales, 30 Hannes Schroeder, 1 Paula F. Campos, 1,31 Valdı ´s B. Guðmundsdo ´ttir, 2,3 Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten, 1,32 Bent Petersen, 1,32 Jostein Halgunset, 33 Edmund Gilbert, 34,35 Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, 34,35 Eivind Hovig, 36,37 Ingrid Kockum, 38 Tomas Olsson, 38 Lars Alfredsson, 39 Thomas F. Hansen, 40,41 Thomas Werge, 40,42,43,44 Eske Willerslev, 1,…”