What have we learnt from quantitative case reports of acute lateral ankle sprains injuries and episodes of ‘giving-way’ of the ankle joint, and what shall we further investigate?

Lysdal, Filip Gertz; Wang, Yuehang; Delahunt, Eamonn; Gehring, Dominic; Kosik, Kyle B.; Krosshaug, Tron; Li, Yumeng; Mok, Kam-Ming; Pasanen, Kati; Remus, Alexandria; Terada, Masafumi; Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui

doi:10.1080/14763141.2022.2035801

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…When considering these adjustments, the mean inversion velocities observed for the sports-specific task in this study were lower than the velocities observed during the fast material testing situation. Furthermore, by comparing the measured inversion velocities against inversion velocities reported in the literature for actual injury situations (Figure 3), 10 it is apparent that the material testing more closely resembles the real ankle strain injury mechanism than the biomechanical testing with real participants. Therefore, it may be concluded that the novel adaptive ankle brace provides a similar or slightly better protection against inversion-related ankle injuries in situations that resemble high injury risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Figure 3 highlights the mean peak inversion velocities observed during our material and biomechanical testing in relation to data from individuals who have experienced an ankle inversion injury, summarized in a recent review article. 10 However, when comparing the peak inversion velocities observed during our material and biomechanical testing, the different methods of measuring ankle inversion need to be considered. During the biomechanical testing, in order not to destroy the integrity of the heel cap and ankle braces, we had to place the markers on the heel cap of our baseline shoe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,22 Data captured from ankle sprain injuries suggest that most ankle sprains occur at ankle inversion angles .30°and peak ankle inversion velocities .500 deg/s. 10 Successful prevention of ankle injury and reinjury includes neuromuscular training with passive protection systems (eg, ankle braces). 16 Ankle brace design should protect the joint from excessive motions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Multidimensional Assessment of a Novel Adaptive Versus Traditional Passive Ankle Sprain Protection Systems

et al. 2023

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Background: Ankle braces aim to reduce lateral ankle sprains. Next to protection, factors influencing user compliance, such as sports performance, motion restriction, and users’ perceptions, are relevant for user compliance and thus injury prevention. Novel adaptive protection systems claim to change their mechanical behavior based on the intensity of motion (eg, the inversion velocity), unlike traditional passive concepts of ankle bracing. Purpose: To compare the performance of a novel adaptive brace with 2 passive ankle braces while considering protection, sports performance, freedom of motion, and subjective perception. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The authors analyzed 1 adaptive and 2 passive (one lace-up and one rigid brace) ankle braces, worn in a low-cut, indoor sports shoe, which was also the no-brace reference condition. We performed material testing using an artificial ankle joint system at high and low inversion velocities. Further, 20 male, young, healthy team sports athletes were analyzed using 3-dimensional motion analysis in sports-related movements to address protection, sports performance, and active range of motion dimensions. Participants rated subjective comfort, stability, and restriction experienced when using the products. Results: Subjective stability rating was not different between the adaptive and passive systems. The rigid brace was superior in restricting peak inversion during the biomechanical testing compared with the passive braces. However, in the material test, the adaptive brace increased its stiffness by approximately 400% during the fast compared with the slow inversion velocities, demonstrating its adaptive behavior and similar stiffness values to passive braces. We identified minor differences in sports performance tasks. The adaptive brace improved active ankle range of motion and subjective comfort and restriction ratings. Conclusion: The adaptive brace offered similar protective effects in high-velocity inversion situations to those of the passive braces while improving range of motion, comfort, and restriction rating during noninjurious motions. Clinical Relevance: Protection systems are only effective when used. Compared with traditional passive ankle brace technologies, the novel adaptive brace might increase user compliance by improving comfort and freedom of movement while offering similar protection in injurious situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multidimensional Assessment of a Novel Adaptive Versus Traditional Passive Ankle Sprain Protection Systems

et al. 2023

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“…In SRDF, the "high stiff" shoes had the disadvantage of largely increasing the maximal angle of ankle inversion (+3 to 5°) and slightly increasing the maximal angular velocity of ankle inversion (+ 48.9 to 75.2 °/s) compared to other shoes. A quantitative synthesis of published case reports documenting the kinematics of acute lateral ankle sprains and episodes of 'giving-way' of the ankle joint reported that excessive ankle inversion was the most pronounced kinematic pattern observed across all included cases, with great variation for peak inversion angle (range 2.0 to 142°) and angular velocity (range 468 to 1752°/s) (Lysdal et al, 2022). A study presenting five cases of ankle sprains from televised tennis competitions reported great variations in the peak inversion angle and angular velocity in the five cases, which cases ranged from 48 to 126° and from 509 to 1488°/s, respectively (Fong et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of shoe torsional stiffness on foot and ankle biomechanics during tennis forehand strokes

Martin

Touzard

Horvais

et al. 2022

European Journal of Sport Science

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Tennis shoe characteristics need to minimize the risk of athletes suffering ankle injuries and improve players' feet performance. This study aims to evaluate the influence of shoe torsional stiffness on running velocity, stance duration, ground reaction forces and ankle biomechanics during two different tennis forehand runs and strokes. Ten right-handed advanced male tennis players performed two specific tennis forehand runs and strokes at maximal effort (a shuttle run with a defensive open stance forehand -SRDF and a lateral jab run with an offensive open stance forehand -JROF) with four different pairs of tennis shoes with different torsional stiffness. A force platform measured ground reaction forces (GRF). A motion capture system recorded the 3D trajectories of markers located on players' anatomical landmarks. The minimum, maximum angle value, and range of motion were computed using inverse kinematics for each rotation axis of the right ankle. Normalized maximal ankle torques were also computed Highlights• Shoe torsional stiffness has no effect on performance parameters (running velocity of the center of mass, ground reaction forces, and stance duration) during tennis forehand strokes.• Decreased shoe torsional stiffness increased the maximal forefoot inversion angle and the range of motion of forefoot inversion-eversion during tennis forehand strokes and movements.• Increased footwear torsional stiffness causes higher maximal ankle inversion angle which may increase the risk for ankle sprains in SRDF.

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“…3 Biomechanical studies show that recurrent LAS often involve excessive inversion and internal rotation at initial contact, and a delay in peroneus muscle activation. [18][19][20][21] To date, no research has comprehensively analysed the nature of individual exercises that comprise popular LAS rehabilitation programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation strategies for lateral ankle sprain do not reflect established mechanisms of re-injury: A systematic review

Wagemans

Bleakley

Taeymans

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Research questions 1) What is the primary impairment addressed by each exercise included in exercise-based rehabilitation programs for patients who suffered an acute ankle sprain? 2) Do prescribed exercises incorporate complex tasks associated with common ankle sprain injury mechanisms? Methods We searched six electronic databases (CINAHL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, Google Scholar) for randomized controlled trials including patients with acute ankle sprains, managed through exercise-based rehabilitation. Exercises were analysed based on: the primary impairment(s) addressed (muscle strength, mobility, neuromuscular training, performance); direction of movement (uni- vs multiplanar); base of support (single vs double limb); weightbearing status (open vs closed chain); and use of a flight phase.(PROSPERO: CRD42020210858) Results We included fourteen randomized controlled trials comprising 177 exercises. Neuromuscular function was addressed in 44% of exercises, followed by performance tasks (23%), and muscle strengthening (20%). Exercises were limited to movements across the sagittal plane (48%), with 31% incorporating multiplanar movements. Weight bearing exercises were almost divided equally between single-limb (59/122) and double leg stance exercises (61/122). Eighteen percent of all exercises (34/177) incorporated a flight phase. Conclusions Rehabilitation after LAS largely comprises simple exercises in the sagittal plane that do not reflect established mechanisms of re-injury. Future interventions can be enhanced by incorporating more open chain joint position sense training, multiplanar single limb challenges, and jumping and landing exercises.

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What have we learnt from quantitative case reports of acute lateral ankle sprains injuries and episodes of ‘giving-way’ of the ankle joint, and what shall we further investigate?

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

A Multidimensional Assessment of a Novel Adaptive Versus Traditional Passive Ankle Sprain Protection Systems

A Multidimensional Assessment of a Novel Adaptive Versus Traditional Passive Ankle Sprain Protection Systems

Influence of shoe torsional stiffness on foot and ankle biomechanics during tennis forehand strokes

Rehabilitation strategies for lateral ankle sprain do not reflect established mechanisms of re-injury: A systematic review

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