What has happened in Norway after the ban of avoparcin? Consumption of antimicrobials by poultry

Grave, Kari; Kaldhusdal, Magne; Kruse, Hilde; Harr, Lill M Fevang; Flatlandsmo, Knut

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.08.009

Cited by 90 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Live weights of chicken were taken from weight standards table of Ross breeds. The used daily dose (UDD) describes the amount of active substance actually administered to the animals in mg/kg (Grave et al 2004). The UDD was calculated by dividing the amount of antimicrobial compound administered (mg) by the number of broilers time the average weight at treatment to define a standard treated bird (Timmerman et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of antibacterial molecules in broiler production in Morocco

Rahmatallah

Rhaffouli

Amine

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Monitoring the use of antibacterial agents in food-producing animals is crucial in order to reduce antimicrobial resistance, selection and dissemination of resistant bacterial strains, and drug residues in the animal food products. The broiler production sector is considered a great consumer of antibacterials and incriminated in the rise of antimicrobial resistance level in zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Following recommendations from the OIE and WHO, a survey was conducted about the use and consumption of several antibacterial agents in Moroccan broiler flocks. More than 5 million broilers were randomly surveyed at the prescriber level, that is, via the veterinary clinics involved in their health management. The results showed that 93% of the flocks received at least one antibacterial treatment of minimum 3 days duration. Enrofloxacin, colistin and trimethoprim/sulphonamides were the most used antibacterials followed by oxytetracycline, florfenicol and amoxicillin. Oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and colistin were overdosed in most of the administration, while amoxicillin and the combination of trimethoprim/sulphonamides were under-dosed. The total amount of antibacterial consumed in the survey was 63.48 mg/kg and the Animal Level of Exposure to Antimicrobials (ALEA) was 94.45%. The reasons for this frequent use were related mainly to the poor quality of broiler production management. Chicks and animal feed provided to producers were of variable quality. Management of rearing stock density was often poor and biosecurity inadequate, and broilers were challenged by a high prevalence of infectious diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of antibacterial molecules in broiler production in Morocco

Rahmatallah

Rhaffouli

Amine

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When the data was collected in 2001, there had been major modifications in poultry feedstuffs, due to the ban of growth promoters and meat and bone meals in 1999 and 2000, respectively. This situation may have led to an increase of digestive tract disorders [14,26,33]. In this particular context, competitive exclusion flora would often have been used and would have been all the more efficient in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Its application has therefore been recommended in studies of antimicrobial use [22]. The ADD measurement unit -often called DDD -has occasionally been used to quantify national antimicrobial consumption in poultry [5,14] and other species [5,13], but has only been used in pigs to measure antimicrobial consumption on farms [19]. The ADD defined for the purposes of this study were based on French criteria and may differ from other national ADD or international DDD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These prophylactic treatments were administered during "high-risk" periods when the flock was known to be more susceptible to infectious diseases (based on previous experience or observed infections in an adjacent facility, for example). Their use was especially frequent in 2001 when the survey was performed, due to the appearance and fear of necrotic enteritis following the ban on growth-promoting antimicrobials [14,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A pharmaco-epidemiological analysis of factors associated with antimicrobial consumption level in turkey broiler flocks

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-An on-farm pharmaco-epidemiological survey of 246 turkey broiler flocks from 131 farms was carried out to assess the homogeneity of antimicrobial use between flocks on the same farm and to explore the possible relationships between farm and farmer characteristics and the level of antimicrobial use. The antimicrobial use in each flock was quantified by an invoice study, expressed as the number of national animal daily doses (ADD)/turkey broiler and characterised as "high", "medium" or "low" according to the tertiles of the resulting distribution. Antimicrobial use was then correlated with variables collected from the farmer by means of an alternating logistic regression method which calculates the pairwise odds ratio (PWOR) for within-farm clustering. Two independent models were fitted: (1) "low" versus "medium" + "high" antimicrobial consumption and (2) "high" versus "medium" + "low" antimicrobial consumption. PWOR from the null models were significant (P < 0.005), but only remained significant in the first final model (P = 0.002). Four explanatory variables were retained for both models. Prophylactic antimicrobial administration and veterinarian antimicrobial prescription attaining the farm technical staff's expectation were associated with a higher antimicrobial consumption level. Administration of competitive exclusion flora and compliance with biosecurity rules of changing clothes and shoes before entering the facilities, were associated with a lower antimicrobial consumption level. In the first model, the number of full-time jobs devoted to the turkey production unit (1 versus more than 1) was also found to be associated with the antimicrobial consumption level. The study tends to confirm the feasibility of the adopted approach to quantify antimicrobial use and to determine the factors likely to influence antimicrobial consumption.antimicrobial / pharmaco-epidemiology / alternating logistic regression (ALR) / turkey broiler / animal daily dose (ADD)

show abstract

“…Therefore, C perfringens, using this toxin, causes necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens, which can lead to increased mortality, impaired feed conversion, and retarded growth rate (Lovland and Kaldhusdal, 1999;Petit et al 1999;Kaldhusdal et al 2001). There is mounting evidence that with the withdrawal of in-feed antibiotics, the incidence of this disease will increase (Grave et al, 2004). While the estimate of cultivability of GI bacteria e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%