What happens when we get angry? Hormonal, cardiovascular and asymmetrical brain responses

Herrero, Neus; Gadea, Marién; Rodríguez-Alarcón, Gabriel; Espert, Raúl; Salvador, Alicia

doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.12.008

Cited by 39 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Moreover, increases in T levels and in feelings of anger after an exposition to an anger-induction procedure was described in a nonviolent population (Herrero et al, 2010). Although our data does not support T differences at baseline, IPV perpetrators with high levels of anger and anxiety and worse mood showed high basal T levels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

“…The 2D:4D ratio could explain the high levels of sensitivity to T effects (van Honk et al, 2011) and may predict T changes, especially in IPV perpetrators. As supported in a previous study, heightened feelings of anger are related to high T levels (Herrero, Gadea, Rodríguez-Alarcón, Espert, & Salvador, 2010). For this reason, we expect that in both groups anger feelings will be related with high T levelsalthough this relationship could be stronger in IPV perpetrators than controls due to their violent past.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

Sariñana-González

et al. 2013

Aggressive Behavior

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Hormonal and neuropsychological impairment in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators could play a role in domestic violence. For characterizing whether there is a specific psychobiological response to stress, participants who had previously been jailed for IPV and controls were compared for testosterone and cortisol levels, tested for 2D:4D ratio (as an indicator of masculinization), and given several trait questionnaires and neuropsychological tests related to executive functions and theory of mind. After performing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), IPV perpetrators experienced decreases in salivary testosterone (T) levels, a moderate worsening of mood, slight anxiety, and a salivary cortisol (C) level increase. Moreover, high basal T was related with high levels of anger and anxiety and worse mood. However, that basal mood does not significantly alter T levels in response to stress. Nonetheless, controls experienced smaller changes in T and larger changes in C and psychological mood. With respect to neuropsychological and cognitive empathic features, IPV perpetrators showed poorer executive performance and emotional recognition than controls. In addition, deficits in both neuropsychological domains were positively associated. Regarding emotional empathy, IPV perpetrators showed higher levels of personal distress than controls. The 2D:4D ratio was lower in IPV perpetrators than in controls. Moreover, only in the former a smaller 2D:4D ratio was related to large increases in T in response to stress and poor emotional recognition. Together with social aspects involved in IPV, differences in psychobiological variables and their relationships could play a relevant role in the onset and perpetuation of violent behavior. Aggr. Behav. 9999:1-15, 2013.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

Sariñana-González

et al. 2013

Aggressive Behavior

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“…More importantly, we found that this difference in response to anger was not affected by the emotion regulation priming manipulation. Heart rate, which is an index of joint sympathetic and parasympathetic activation, would increase for anger induction and is sensitive to emotional valence (Campbellsills et al, 2006; Hofmann et al, 2009; Herrero et al, 2010). It has been documented that automatic processes decreased the need for elevated cardiac outputs to supply active neural structures with glucose (Kennedy and Scholey, 2000; Christou-Champi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to an anger provocation, heart rate, which is an index of joint sympathetic and parasympathetic activation, should increase relative to baseline (Campbellsills et al, 2006; Hofmann et al, 2009; Herrero et al, 2010). Skin conductance level (SCL) is a reliable index of emotional arousal and arousal changes (Boucsein, 1992; Lang, 1995; Khalfa et al, 2002; Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Automatic Emotion Regulation Interact with Primed Emotion Regulation during an Anger Provocation

Zhang

Lipp

2017

Front. Psychol.

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The current study investigated the interactive effects of individual differences in automatic emotion regulation (AER) and primed emotion regulation strategy on skin conductance level (SCL) and heart rate during provoked anger. The study was a 2 × 2 [AER tendency (expression vs. control) × priming (expression vs. control)] between subject design. Participants were assigned to two groups according to their performance on an emotion regulation-IAT (differentiating automatic emotion control tendency and automatic emotion expression tendency). Then participants of the two groups were randomly assigned to two emotion regulation priming conditions (emotion control priming or emotion expression priming). Anger was provoked by blaming participants for slow performance during a subsequent backward subtraction task. In anger provocation, SCL of individuals with automatic emotion control tendencies in the control priming condition was lower than of those with automatic emotion control tendencies in the expression priming condition. However, SCL of individuals with automatic emotion expression tendencies did no differ in the automatic emotion control priming or the automatic emotion expression priming condition. Heart rate during anger provocation was higher in individuals with automatic emotion expression tendencies than in individuals with automatic emotion control tendencies regardless of priming condition. This pattern indicates an interactive effect of individual differences in AER and emotion regulation priming on SCL, which is an index of emotional arousal. Heart rate was only sensitive to the individual differences in AER, and did not reflect this interaction. This finding has implications for clinical studies of the use of emotion regulation strategy training suggesting that different practices are optimal for individuals who differ in AER tendencies.

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“…For example, individuals who respond to social stressors with enhanced emphasis on their religious or spiritual beliefs may gain a calming sense of forgiveness for the people responsible for these stressors, or their enhanced serenity and acceptance could be due to lower cortisol levels documented for individuals high in religiosity (Tartaro, Luecken, & Gunn, 2005). Alternatively, individuals may respond to social stressors with anger, which has been found associated with decreased cortisol levels, increased perceptions of "control, " and increased attributions of the problem as "external" to oneself (Herrero, Gadea, Rodriquez-Alarcon, Espert, & Salvador, 2010;Kazen, Kuenne, Frankenberg, & Quirin, 2012;Matheson & Anisman, 2009;Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1989). Anger may be displayed in the form of "anger-out" or "expressed anger" such as slamming doors and shouting, or in the form of "anger-in" or "repressed anger" such as secretly boiling with rage but not letting others know the extent of their anger (Speilberger et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repressed anger mediates associations between sexual minority stressors and negative psychological outcomes in gay men and lesbian women

Hendy

Joseph

Can

2016

Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health

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What happens when we get angry? Hormonal, cardiovascular and asymmetrical brain responses

Cited by 39 publications

References 78 publications

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

High testosterone levels and sensitivity to acute stress in perpetrators of domestic violence with low cognitive flexibility and impairments in their emotional decoding process: A preliminary study

Individual Differences in Automatic Emotion Regulation Interact with Primed Emotion Regulation during an Anger Provocation

Repressed anger mediates associations between sexual minority stressors and negative psychological outcomes in gay men and lesbian women

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