What Explains Child Malnutrition of Indigenous People of Northeast India?

Singh, Konsam Dinachandra; Alagarajan, Manoj; Ladusingh, Laishram

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130567

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…4 Thus, the concerted focus on reducing stunting reflects an improved understanding of the importance of undernutrition during the most critical period of development in early life and of the long-term consequences extending into adulthood. 5 household environment health risk index which captures the vulnerability of households is found to have a detrimental effect on nutritional status of children, 11 and the socio-cultural practices had a significant effect on child nutrition. 12 Underlying contextual drivers-such as food supply, clean water and sanitation, and health care-can contribute a great deal to improving nutrition status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Similarly, a study assertively concludes that for the health of the children, access to potable water, toilet facility and sanitation is crucial. 11 Contextual correlates such as a low percentage of households connected to the sewerage system in neighbourhood increase longer duration of diarrhoeal episodes among underfives. 14 Further study by Luke and Xu (2011) 15 found the significant effects of neighbourhood on the weight for age at age one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatial analysis of childhood stunting and its contextual correlates in India

Bharti

Dhillon

Narzary

2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Introduction: Despite various programmes aiming to improve the nutritional status of children, nearly 38% of children under age five are still stunted in India, and there is huge spatial variation across the states. Objectives: The present study first examines the spatial clustering of childhood stunting and then investigates the contextual determinants including meteorological factors, poverty and crop production affecting childhood stunting. Methods: The percentage of stunted children under 5 years of age is taken from the district factsheets of National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4). Other data are taken from Census of India (2011) and Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. To fulfil the set objectives, the spatial analysis including Moran-I index and spatial regressions models are used.Results: The spatial analysis shows a high degree of clustering (Moran's I: 0.65) in childhood stunting in districts of India. Extreme temperature of districts reveals a positive association with childhood stunting as nearly 40% of children from districts with maximum temperature above 40°C were stunting. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, spatial regression reveals that a 1°C increase in average annual temperature would lead to 0.134 increase in the percentage of stunted children. The study reveals a negative effect of district-level percapita crop production, wealth and education levels on the childhood stunting. Conclusion: The paper manifests the gigantic variations and clustering in the childhood malnutrition across districts of India. The study recommends to target the districts in hot spot areas, districts with extreme temperature and with low levels of crop production to fight against malnutrition under the umbrella of sustainable development goals.Poverty is a main cause of malnourishment because it confines the amount of food available to children causing wasting and a lack of micronutrients value leading to stunting and low weight. 6 Similarly, a study 7 exhibited household wealth, and the condition of women was related to both stunting and wasting. Further, overpopulation is a serious problem linked with the competition for food, shelter and medical facilities, and lead to malnutrition amongst children, particularly in the rural areas where access to food and medical facilities were limited. 6 Also, poverty and malnutrition enhance the risk of infants and children to various kinds of infectious diseases, like diarrhoea and pneumonia, and also increases the possibility of death. 8 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) reported that poverty, water, sanitation and hygiene, education, food systems, climate change, social protection, and agriculture all have the vital effect on nutrition outcomes. 9 Another study conducted by Pathak and Singh (2009) 10 showed that poverty might not solely be the determinant of child malnutrition. Rather, https://doi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatial analysis of childhood stunting and its contextual correlates in India

Bharti

Dhillon

Narzary

2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…There has been a growing body of literature identifying various correlates of stunting (Chowdhury et al, 2016;Delbiso et al, 2016;Gayawan et al, 2016;Khan & Mohanty, 2018;Raj et al, 2014;Sanghvi et al, 2001;Singh et al, 2015;Takele, 2013;Talukder, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Semi-Parametric Analysis of Childhood Stunting in India: District Level Scenario

Sharma¹,

Banerjee²,

Dwivedi³

2020

Preprint

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BackgroundA growing body of literature has recognized the urgency of addressing the issue of childhood stunting (low height for age) in India and dedicated substantial resources to identifying the factors that are strongly associated with its considerable prevalence in the country. However, most of these studies have focused on parametric models with limited use of geographic information and prefixed assumption on the linear association of various factors with stunting outcomes. The present study re-investigates the non-linear association of certain covariates along with spatial effects by using a flexible Bayesian semi-parametric regression approach at the district level.MethodData is taken from the recent fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS 4, 2015-16). The analysis is based on the data from 2,24,190 children whose complete anthropometric measurements of weight and height are measured.ResultsThe paper has two major contributions. First, it challenges the pigeonholing of linear association of covariates. It identifies a non-linear association of child's age, mother's age at birth, and mother's BMI with childhood stunting. Children's height-for-age score worsens up to the age of 20 months and then stabilizes at a lower HAZ score in the states with a high prevalence of childhood stunting. Almost all high prevalence states display an inverted U association for maternal BMI suggesting that not just underweight mothers, but overweight mothers are also likely to have stunted children. Secondly, the results indicate high spatial clustering of poor performing districts in states with a high prevalence of childhood stunting. For example, the districts in the West of Bihar show significantly higher levels of childhood stunting than the ones in the East.ConclusionsThis is the first time that a flexible and realistic model has been applied to district-level data to identify regional variation and highlight the issues of pigeonholing linear association of all correlated of childhood stunting. The findings from the study is a novel attempt to rethink restrictive modeling approaches of various public health issues in a regionally diverse country such as India.

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“…4,21,25,32 The prevalence of undernutrition is also a serious problem among the adult populations of East and Northeast India. 5,25,38,66,[67][68][69] Therefore, the co-existence of the DBM (both under and overnutrition) is presenting a unique difficulty for public health policymakers. Nutrition transition have taken place in developing countries which led to the transition from undernutrition to overweight or obesity in populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Overweight or Obesity Among the Bengali Muslim Population of West Bengal, India

Tigga¹,

Debnath²,

Das³

et al. 2018

Anthropol Open J

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Copyright 2018 by Sen J. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. cc BackgroundPoor nutritional conditions, as well as excess adiposity levels, are the major public health problems of developing countries like India. ObjectivesThe aim of the present investigation were to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity and their associations with certain socio-economic and demographic variables. Subjects and MethodsThe present community-based cross-sectional investigation was undertaken among 420 adult Bengali Muslim individuals (males: 182; females: 238) aged 18-59 years and residing in rural areas of Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were recorded using standard procedures and Body mass index (BMI= Weight/Height kg/m 2 ) was calculated. Prevalence of undernutrition (BMI<18.50 kg/m 2 ) and overweight or obesity (BMI≥25.00 kg/m 2 ) were determined using World Health Organization (WHO) cut-offs. The statistical analyses of descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square analysis and binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis was performed using SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL USA; version 17.0. ResultsThe overall mean height (164.22 cm vs. 152.65 cm), weight (57.03 kg vs. 48.70 kg) and BMI (21.18 kg/m 2 vs. 20.89 kg/m 2 ) were observed to be significantly higher among men than women (p<0.05). The overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight or obesity were observed to be 22.86% and 12.86%, respectively. The BLR analysis showed associations of lower age group (i.e., 20-29 years) (odds ratio: 1.65) (p<0.05) and occupation (odds ratio: 5.61) (p<0.01) with undernutrition. Overweight or obesity was also observed to be statistically significantly associated with smaller family size (odds ratio: 2.09) (p<0.05). ConclusionThe present investigation indicates the simultaneous existence of double burden of malnutrition (i.e., both under-and overnutrition) among the Bengali Muslim adults of West Bengal, India. Appropriate intervention programmes are necessary to improve the overall nutritional situation.

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What Explains Child Malnutrition of Indigenous People of Northeast India?

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

A spatial analysis of childhood stunting and its contextual correlates in India

A spatial analysis of childhood stunting and its contextual correlates in India

A Semi-Parametric Analysis of Childhood Stunting in India: District Level Scenario

Prevalence of Undernutrition and Overweight or Obesity Among the Bengali Muslim Population of West Bengal, India

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