What Executive Function Network is that? An Image-Based Meta-Analysis of Network Labels

Witt, Suzanne T.; Ettinger-Veenstra, Helene van; Salo, Taylor; Riedel, Michael C.; Laird, Angela R.

doi:10.1007/s10548-021-00847-z

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Finally, it warrants noting that there is currently no standard classification system for large-scale functional networks. The lack of universal nomenclature presents a significant barrier to interpreting neural outcomes, especially given the multitude of naming schemes 43 and inconsistent application of common labels (see meta-analysis of executive control network topography 127 ). We use the functional network terms “frontoparietal control network”, “default mode network”, and “salience network” primarily due to their ubiquity in cognitive neuroscience 43 and the mindfulness literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity

Rahrig

Vago

Passarelli

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This meta-analysis sought to expand upon neurobiological models of mindfulness through investigation of inherent brain network connectivity outcomes, indexed via resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of rsFC as an outcome of mindfulness training (MT) relative to control, with the hypothesis that MT would increase cross-network connectivity between nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN) as a mechanism of internally-oriented attentional control. Texts were identified from the databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, ERIC, PSYCINFO, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Sciences; and were screened for inclusion based on experimental/quasi-experimental trial design and use of mindfulness-based training interventions. RsFC effects were extracted from twelve studies (mindfulness n = 226; control n = 204). Voxel-based meta-analysis revealed significantly greater rsFC (MT > control) between the left middle cingulate (Hedge’s g = .234, p = 0.0288, I2 = 15.87), located within the SN, and the posterior cingulate cortex, a focal hub of the DMN. Egger’s test for publication bias was nonsignificant, bias = 2.17, p = 0.162. In support of our hypothesis, results suggest that MT targets internetwork (SN-DMN) connectivity implicated in the flexible control of internally-oriented attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity

Rahrig

Vago

Passarelli

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The highlighted frontoparietal states 1 and 2 were both characterized by phase coherence between areas commonly assigned to a network described as, e.g., the "frontoparietal" network, "central executive", "executive control", or "dorsal attention" network (Witt et al, 2021). Similarly, these brain states expressed phase coherence between regions in the cingulum and some regions around the parieto-occipital fissure (see Figure 4 and Supplementary Figure S4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Psilocybin modulation of dynamic functional connectivity is associated with plasma psilocin and subjective effects

Olsen

Lykkebo-Valloee

Ozenne

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundPsilocin, the neuroactive metabolite of psilocybin, is a serotonergic psychedelic that induces an acute altered state of consciousness, evokes lasting changes in mood and personality in healthy individuals, and has potential as an antidepressant treatment. Examining the acute effects of psilocin on resting-state dynamic functional connectivity implicates network-level connectivity motifs that may underlie acute and lasting behavioral and clinical effects.AimEvaluate the association between resting-state dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) characteristics and plasma psilocin level (PPL) and subjective drug intensity (SDI) before and right after intake of a psychedelic dose of psilocybin in healthy humans.MethodsFifteen healthy individuals completed the study. Before and at multiple time points after psilocybin intake, we acquired 10-minute resting-state blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Leading Eigenvector Dynamics Analysis (LEiDA) and diametrical clustering were applied to estimate discrete, sequentially active brain states. We evaluated associations between the fractional occurrence of brain states during a scan session and PPL and SDI using linear mixed-effects models. We examined associations between brain state dwell time and PPL and SDI using frailty Cox proportional hazards survival analysis.ResultsFractional occurrences for two brain states characterized by lateral frontoparietal and medial fronto-parietal-cingulate coherence were statistically significantly negatively associated with PPL and SDI. Dwell time for these brain states was negatively associated with SDI and, to a lesser extent, PPL. Conversely, fractional occurrence and dwell time of a fully connected brain state was positively associated with PPL and SDI.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the acute perceptual psychedelic effects induced by psilocybin may stem from drug-level associated decreases in the occurrence and duration of lateral and medial frontoparietal connectivity motifs in exchange for increases in a uniform connectivity structure. We apply and argue for a modified approach to modeling eigenvectors produced by LEiDA that more fully acknowledges their underlying structure. Together these findings contribute to a more comprehensive neurobiological framework underlying acute effects of serotonergic psychedelics.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT03289949

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“…In the digit-span task, despite previous studies showing improved working memory performance in gamers (e.g., N-back task 15 ), we did not expect any differences between gamers and non-gamers in memorizing digits, as this is not usually a beneficial attribute in video games. However, it is possible that working memory may still benefit from video games, as this cognitive function could be facilitated by improvement in attention or processing speed since the brain networks mediating memory functions and executive function appear to overlap 36 . There were no differences between groups and conditions in the choice-RT task as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction time and working memory in gamers and non-gamers

Ziv

Lidor

Levin

2022

Sci Rep

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The purpose of this pre-registered study was to examine whether asking gamers and non-gamers about their video game playing habits before or after they performed computerized cognitive-motor tasks affects their performance of those tasks. We recruited 187 participants from an online participants’ recruitment platform. Out of those participants, 131 matched our criteria as gamers or non-gamers. They were then divided to two subgroups, and performed a choice-RT task, a Simon task, an alternate task-switching task, and a digit span memory task either before or after answering a video-game playing habits questionnaire. The results showed that gamers who completed a video-games questionnaire before performing the tasks had faster reaction times (RTs) in the Simon task compared with gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. In contrast, non-gamers who answered the questionnaire before the task had slower RTs in the Simon task and the alternate task-switching task compared with non-gamers who answered the questionnaire after performing the tasks. The results suggest that answering a video-games questionnaire before the start of a study can lead to a response expectancy effect—positive for gamers and negative for non-gamers. This may bias findings of studies examining video games and the performance of cognitive-motor tasks.

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What Executive Function Network is that? An Image-Based Meta-Analysis of Network Labels

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity

Meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness training alters resting state default mode network connectivity

Psilocybin modulation of dynamic functional connectivity is associated with plasma psilocin and subjective effects

Reaction time and working memory in gamers and non-gamers

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