2021
DOI: 10.1111/ede.12390
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What does modularity mean?

Abstract: Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of research in organismal biology across multiple disciplines including genetics, developmental biology, functional morphology, population and evolutionary biology. While the wealth of new data, and also new theory, has provided exciting and novel insights, the concept of modularity has become increasingly ambiguous. That ambiguity is … Show more

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Cited by 65 publications
(53 citation statements)
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References 181 publications
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“…An alternative solution is to use the independent solutions as a starting point for an iterative procedure that finds the optimal combination of values that maximizes likelihood, sensu Adams (2013). Such an approach might have intrigue as an analysis that considers the modularity of anatomical subconfigurations for landmark shape data (sensu Klingenberg 2009; Adams 2016; Zelditch and Goswami 2021), as suites of contrasting λ values for groups of variables might be evidence for natural selection acting differently on anatomical components.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An alternative solution is to use the independent solutions as a starting point for an iterative procedure that finds the optimal combination of values that maximizes likelihood, sensu Adams (2013). Such an approach might have intrigue as an analysis that considers the modularity of anatomical subconfigurations for landmark shape data (sensu Klingenberg 2009; Adams 2016; Zelditch and Goswami 2021), as suites of contrasting λ values for groups of variables might be evidence for natural selection acting differently on anatomical components.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, unlike maximum-likelihood, CR effect sizes were not statistically different between modular architectures with six and seven modules (Table 5 and Additional file 3: Table S6). These apparently more conservative results obtained with Z CR might be explained by two factors, one associated with the dataset, and the other related to how Z CR determines the favoured modularity hypothesis [72,139]. Firstly, the differences between architectures III to X, varying between six to seven modules, try to capture significant changes in covariance associated with a few landmarks, instead of large modules (see Additional file 3: Table S2; in Z CR analyses, architecture III = architecture IV, as 'NAs' are interpreted as a module).…”
Section: Modular Architectures Across Myrmecophagous Speciesmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…Given that major modules are conserved, it is not surprising that modular strength is imperceptible to Z CR , provided that a few landmarks are likely not enough to increase the modular strength (lower Z CR ) in one specific module. On the other hand, and most importantly, a six-module architecture might separate two highly correlated landmark clusters and still yield a lower than or significantly indistinguishable Z CR than any other architecture with a finer modular architecture (e.g., 7 modules; [139], p. 16), which gives a better account of the between-modules correlations.…”
Section: Modular Architectures Across Myrmecophagous Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Modularity is a fundamental property of organisms playing an important role in their evolution [83][84][85]. Anatomical modules refer to an internal organization of anatomical structures into distinct units, or modules, which develop and vary in quasi-autonomy, but within which the constituents interact and vary together [83,85,86]. This quasi-autonomy among modules allows three main evolutionary processes: dissociation, duplication/divergence, and co-option [83].…”
Section: Median Fin Modularity and Evolution In Osteichthyansmentioning
confidence: 99%