What Does Minor Elevation of C-Reactive Protein Signify?

Kushner, Irving; Rzewnicki, Debra; Samols, David

doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.06.057

Cited by 309 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 259 publications

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“…In addition, Memory and EF were assessed using a verbal memory task and semantic fluency task, respectively. CRP was log-transformed to account for skew (Kushner et al, 2006); no other variables were transformed. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to construct our mediation models.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blood samples were then analyzed by the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at the Royal Victoria Infirmary using the N Latex CRP mono Immunoassay on the Behring Nephelometer II Analyzer, as described in more detail in Graig, Deverill, and Pickering (2004), to assess C-reactive protein levels (mg/L). These values were then log-transformed to normalize the distribution of scores assesses participants' CRP level, as CRP levels are generally skewed (Kushner, Rzewnicki, & Samols, 2006). As noted above, participants with CRP levels > 10mg/L were excluded (see Pearson et al, 2003).…”

Section: C-reactive Protein (Crp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Bourassa

Sbarra

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Inflammatory models of neurodegeneration suggest that higher circulating levels of inflammation can lead to cognitive decline. Despite established independent associations between greater body mass, increased inflammation, and cognitive decline, no prior research has explored whether markers of systemic inflammation might mediate the association between body mass and changes in cognitive functioning. To test such a model, we used two longitudinal subsamples (ns = 9066; 12,561) of aging adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study, which included two cognitive measures components of memory and executive functioning, as well as measurements of body mass and systemic inflammation, assessed via Creactive protein (CRP). Greater body mass was indirectly associated with declines in memory and executive functioning over 6 years via relatively higher levels of CRP. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation is one biologically plausible mechanism through which differences in body mass might influence changes in cognitive functioning among aging adults.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C-reactive Protein (Crp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Bourassa

Sbarra

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…Baseline CRP levels were relatively low, with a median value around 1.3 mg/L (range: 0.11-14.50 mg/L, 8 exercisers and 9 controls had CRP values >10 mg/L). CRP levels between 3 and 10 mg/L are generally considered minor elevations in CRP or "lowgrade inflammation" whereas levels more than 10 mg/L are considered clinically significant inflammatory states (1,28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Marker Changes in a Yearlong Randomized Exercise Intervention Trial among Postmenopausal Women

Friedenreich

Neilson

Woolcott

et al. 2012

Cancer Prevention Research

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Chronic low-grade inflammation is a possible risk factor for cancer that may be modifiable with long-term exercise. Very few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have studied the isolated effects of exercise on lowgrade inflammation exclusively in postmenopausal women. The Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention Trial, a 2-armed RCT in healthy postmenopausal women, examined how 1 year of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise, compared with usual inactivity, influenced circulating inflammatory markers. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month serum was analyzed by direct chemiluminescent immunoassays to measure high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and ELISAs to measure interleukin 6 (IL-6) and TNF-a. Intention to treat analyses were conducted with linear mixed models. Statistically significant differences in CRP were observed over 12 months for exercisers versus controls (treatment effect ratio ¼ 0.87, 95% CI ¼ 0.79-0.96, P ¼ 0.005), but not in IL-6 or TNF-a. A statistically significant trend (P trend ¼ 0.021) of decreasing CRP with increasing exercise adherence and stronger intervention effects on CRP in women with higher baseline physical fitness (P heterogeneity ¼ 0.040) was found. The intervention effect on CRP became statistically nonsignificant with adjustment for dietary fiber intake change and seemed to be mediated by fat loss. Low-grade inflammation may be lowered with exercise, but confounding by dietary intake occurred and should be considered in future studies. Further trials are needed to corroborate our findings about the optimal dose of exercise required to lower CRP levels and effect modification of CRP changes by levels of body fatness and fitness. Cancer Prev Res; 5(1); 98-108. Ó2011 AACR.

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“…Women have higher CRP levels than men, CRP values increase minimally with age, values differ between ethnic groups, obesity raises CRP levels, and various genetic polymorphisms are associated with higher CRP levels (2,3,10). Minor inflammatory stimuli such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are pervasive, as is the widespread use of estrogen-containing medications that can also influence CRP levels (3).…”

Section: What Is a Truly Normal Crp Level?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the mechanisms that underlie this association are unknown, interest has focused on the possible role of Creactive protein (CRP) (1). Epidemiologic studies show that minor degrees of serum CRP level elevation are present in a high proportion of the population (2), are associated with varied lifestyles and medical conditions (3), and are associated with future risk of atherosclerotic events. In addition, a new, poorly defined term, "lowgrade inflammation," has been widely employed, and minor CRP level elevation is regarded as a marker of lowgrade inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A unifying biologic explanation for “high‐sensitivity” C‐reactive protein and “low‐grade” inflammation

Kushner¹,

Samols²,

Magrey³

2010

Arthritis Care & Research

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What Does Minor Elevation of C-Reactive Protein Signify?

Cited by 309 publications

References 259 publications

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Inflammatory Marker Changes in a Yearlong Randomized Exercise Intervention Trial among Postmenopausal Women

A unifying biologic explanation for “high‐sensitivity” C‐reactive protein and “low‐grade” inflammation

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