What does ‘Keep Watch’ mean to migrant parents? Examining differences in supervision, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and water familiarisation

Bona, Malena Della; Crawford, Gemma; Nimmo, Lauren; Leavy, Justine

doi:10.1007/s00038-018-1197-0

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A further 43% of children were described as not having previously had swimming or water familiarisation lessons. Given that children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds accounted for 34% of incidents investigated in this study, and migrants to Australia have been identified as being less likely to have accessed water familiarisation classes for their children under five years of age [ 19 ], specific and culturally appropriate promotion of swimming lessons to migrant families is warranted. It is important also for parents and adult caregivers to also learn how to swim and know what to do in a drowning emergency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years

2022

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Fatal and non-fatal drowning is a significant public health issue, which disproportionately impacts children and young people. In Australia, the highest fatal and non-fatal drowning rates occur in children under five years of age. To date, little qualitative research has been conducted on non-fatal drowning, with causal factor analysis generally conducted using coronial and hospital data. This study’s aim was to identify causal factors in hospital treated cases of non-fatal drowning in children as qualitatively self-reported by parents and caregivers. Cases of unintentional child (0–16 years) non-fatal drowning admissions and Emergency Department presentations to three tertiary care paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia were identified via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding. Parents and caregivers of drowning patients were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were thematically coded using an inductive approach, with a focus on causal factors and recommendations for preventive approaches. Of 169 incidents, 86 parents/caregivers were interviewed. Children hospitalised for drowning were more often male (59.3%), aged 0–4 years (79.1%) and 30.2% were from household who spoke a language other than English. Qualitative incident descriptions were coded to five themes: lapse of supervision, unintended access (commonly in home swimming pools), brief immersion (usually young children bathing), falls into water and ongoing impacts. Drowning prevention recommendations were grouped under supervision, pool barriers and maintenance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and emergency response, drowning is quick and silent, and learning swimming. Parents and caregivers of young children require ongoing education regarding supervision distractions and pool barrier compliance. Additional challenges are faced by those in rental properties with pools, parents/caregivers who cannot swim, and parents/caregivers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Affordable, accessible, and culturally appropriate swimming lessons, water safety education and CPR training should be made more available for adult caregivers, particularly in languages other than English.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years

2022

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“…Although they did not satisfy the inclusion criteria, two studies reported protective factors associated with rural populations namely rural WA resident being more likely to have completed CPR training than metropolitan WA residents 50 and residents of a New South Wales rural town being less likely to make the wrong choice with respect to rip identification when compared to Australian beachgoers 51 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next steps for drowning prevention in rural and remote Australia: A systematic review of the literature

Taylor

Peden

Franklin

2020

Australian J Rural Health

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SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar were searched for studies exploring fatal and non-fatal unintentional drowning by remoteness. Epidemiological data, common factors and prevention strategies were extracted and mapped to Australian standard geographical classifications (major cities, inner regional, outer regional, remote and very remote). Level of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation and prevention strategies aligned to the hierarchy of control. Result: Thirty-two studies satisfied inclusion criteria (66% reporting epidemiology; 59% risk factors; and 44% prevention strategies). All (100%) included studies were assessed very low against Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Findings indicate rural populations (ie, excluding major cities) have higher rates of drowning positively correlated with increasing remoteness. Common factors included age (child), natural water bodies, undertaking boating and watercraft activities and alcohol consumption. While a range of prevention strategies has been proposed, only one study outlined a rural drowning prevention strategy which had been implemented and evaluated. Strategies were generally low on the hierarchy of control. Conclusion: Rural populations are proportionately overrepresented in drowning statistics. Proposed prevention strategies have unknown efficacy. Greater research into rural drowning of Australians is needed especially exploring behavioural motivations, program delivery, cost-effectiveness and evaluation. Development and use of a standard definition for remoteness are recommended. Rural populations use water extensively; therefore, there is an urgent need to keep them safe. K E Y W O R D S education/training, policy, public health, remote health, rurality Other 32 Metropolitan Country Other 34 Rural water hazards Other 37 Metropolitan Country Abbreviations: ARIA, Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia; ASGS, Australian Statistical Geography Standard; M, Modified; RRMA, rural, remote and metropolitan areas.

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“…Other studies have suggested multicultural communities are at a greater risk of drowning than the general Australian population due to a lack of beach safety education and swimming experience and lower participation in swim education programs [ 9 , 37 , 38 ]. It has been suggested that children of migrants are at increased risk of drowning compared to those of Australian-born parents as migrant parents are less likely to be aware of water safety issues, be able to swim and have CPR training [ 39 , 40 ]. Other barriers to swimming participation include resources, affordability and modesty [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying risk factors and implications for beach drowning prevention amongst an Australian multicultural community

2022

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Multicultural communities in Australia are recognised as a priority area for drowning prevention, but no evidence-based study has addressed their knowledge of beach safety. This study used an online survey tool to identify and examine risk factors relating to swimming ability, beach visitation characteristics and behaviour, and beach safety knowledge of the Australian Southern Asian community to assist in the development of future beach safety interventions. Data was obtained through 249 online and in-person surveys of people aged > 18 years. Most respondents reported poor swimming ability (80%), often swam in in the absence of lifeguards (77%), did not understand the rip current hazard (58%), but reported that they entered the water (76%) when visiting beaches. Close to one-quarter (28%) had not heard, or didn’t know the purpose, of the red and yellow beach flags, which identify lifeguard supervised areas on Australian beaches. Length of time living in Australia is an important beach safety consideration for this community, with minimal differences in terms of gender and age. Those who have lived < 10 years in Australia visit beaches more frequently and are less likely to have participated in swimming lessons, be able to swim, heard of the flags or swim between them, understand rip currents, or have participated in a beach safety program. Very few (3%) respondents received beach safety information from within their own community. The importance of beach safety education and swimming lessons within the Southern Asian community should be prioritised for new and recent migrants to Australia.

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What does ‘Keep Watch’ mean to migrant parents? Examining differences in supervision, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and water familiarisation

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years

A qualitative examination of causal factors and parent/caregiver experiences of non-fatal drowning-related hospitalisations of children aged 0–16 years

Next steps for drowning prevention in rural and remote Australia: A systematic review of the literature

Identifying risk factors and implications for beach drowning prevention amongst an Australian multicultural community

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