What does it take to stick around?

Hadjifrangiskou, Maria; Hultgren, Scott J.

doi:10.4161/viru.19763

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The bacterial species E. coli includes many pathogens, in particular biofilm formation [52,53] and prevention [54] in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) have been researched intensively over the past few years. The goal of this study was to use an E. coli K-12 strain as a model to show that the study of temporal and spatial gene expression can lead to the identification of targets for the development of novel biofilm prevention and treatment options.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OmpR and RcsB abolish temporal and spatial changes in expression of flhD in Escherichia coli Biofilm

et al. 2013

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BackgroundBiofilms are communities of bacteria that are characterized by specific phenotypes, including an increased resistance towards anti-microbials and the host immune system. This calls for the development of novel biofilm prevention and treatment options to combat infectious disease. In Escherichia coli, numerous global regulators have been implicated in the control of biofilm associated cell surface organelles. These include the flagellar regulator FlhD/FlhC, the osmoregulator EnvZ/OmpR, and the colanic acid activator RcsCDB. Using flow cell technology and fluorescence microscopy, we determined the temporal expression from flhD::gfp, ompR::gfp, and rcsB::gfp in E. coli biofilm, as well as the impact of the negative regulation of flhD by OmpR and RcsB. Spatial gene expression was investigated from flhD::gfp.ResultsThe temporal gene expression profile for flhD yielded an early peak at 12 h, a minimum of expression at 35 h, and a second increase in expression towards 51 h of biofilm development. In contrast, the ompR profile showed a peak at 35 h. A mutation in ompR abolished time dependence of flhD expression after the initial growth period of 12 h. Intriguingly, rcsB expression did not correlate inversely with flhD expression, yet a mutation in rcsB abolished time dependence of flhD expression as well. Spatially, expression of flhD was highest in the outermost layer of the biofilm in the parent strain. In ompR and rcsB mutants, flhD was expressed throughout the biofilm. Mutations in both, ompR and rcsB increased flhD expression throughout all temporal and spatial experiments. This increase was paralleled by reductions in biofilm amounts at four tested time points.ConclusionOur data lead to the conclusion that FlhD/FlhC and its regulation by OmpR and RcsB may be our first target mechanism for the development of novel biofilm prevention and treatment techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OmpR and RcsB abolish temporal and spatial changes in expression of flhD in Escherichia coli Biofilm

et al. 2013

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“…Within the host, FimH mediates UPEC binding to the bladder epithelium and is also required for proper formation of biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities within bladder epithelial cells. [ 3 ] Expression of P fimbriae is primarily linked to pyelonephritis strains. P fimbriae recognize α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4) β-D-galactopyranoside receptor located in the globoseries of glycolipids located on human kidney and erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemagglutination and biofilm formation as virulence markers of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in acute urinary tract infections and urolithiasis

et al. 2013

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Introduction:Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major public health concern in developing countries. Most UTIs are caused by E. coli, accounting for up to 90% of community-acquired UTIs (CAUTI). Recurrent UTI is considered as a major risk factor for urolithiasis. Virulence factors like adhesins and biofilm have been extensively studied by authors on UPEC isolated from recurrent UTI. The studies on isolates from infection stones in kidney are scanty. In a prospective study, we aimed to determine the expression of Haemagglutinins, (Type 1 and P fimbriae), Biofilm production and resistance pattern to common antibiotics of Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) isolates from Community acquired Acute Urinary Tract Infection(CAUTI) and Urolithiasis.Materials and Methods:A total of 43 UPEC isolates, 23 mid-stream urine (MSU) samples from patients with CAUTI attending Out Patient Departments and 20 from renal calculi of urolithiasis patients at the time of Percutaneous nephrolithostomy (PCNL) were included in the study and the expression of Haemagglutinins,(Type 1 and P fimbriae), Biofilm production and resistance pattern to common antibiotics was assessed.Results:A total of 43 UPEC isolates 23 from CAUTI and 20 from renal calculi were tested for production of biofilm and hemagglutinins. In CAUTI, biofilm producers were 56.52% and hemagglutinins were detected in all isolates 100%. In urolithiasis, biofilm producers were 100% but hemagglutinins were detected only in 70% of isolates. All isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics used. CAUTI isolates were susceptible to 3rd generation cephalosporins, whereas urolithiasis isolates were resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins and 25% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ESBL producers.Conclusions:HA mediated by type 1 fimbriae plays an important role in CAUTI (P < 0.001 highly significant), whereas, in chronic conditions like urolithiasis, biofilm plays an important role in persistence of infection and the role of hemagglutinins is less.

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“…Research has found that the amino acid mutation at the FimH site of Salmonella typhimurium is advantageous for adhesion to HEp-2 cells, leading to the capacity to form biofilms [ 36 ]. However, some studies have also shown that type I pili have a negative or no regulatory effect on biofilms [ 37 ]. Overall, the regulation of biofilms by type I pili involves the coordinated regulation of multiple genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleanolic Acid Promotes the Formation of Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) Biofilm by Inhibiting Bacterial Motility

Liu,

Ran

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Probiotic biofilms have been beneficial in the fight against infections, restoring the equilibrium of the host’s gut microbiota, and enhancing host health. They are considered a novel strategy for probiotic gut colonization. In this case, we evaluated the effects of various active substances from traditional Chinese medicine on Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to determine if they promote biofilm formation. It was shown that 8–64 μg/mL of oleanolic acid increased the development of EcN biofilm. Additionally, we observed that oleanolic acid can effectively suppress biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. Next, we assessed the amount of EcN extracellular polysaccharides, the number of live bacteria, their metabolic activity, the hydrophobicity of their surface, and the shape of their biofilms using laser confocal microscopy. Through transcriptome analysis, a total of 349 differentially expressed genes were identified, comprising 134 upregulated and 215 downregulated genes. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that oleanolic acid functions are through the regulation of bacterial motility, the iron absorption system, the two-component system, and adhesion pathways. These findings suggest that the main effects of oleanolic acid are to prevent bacterial motility, increase initial adhesion, and encourage the development of EcN biofilms. In addition, oleanolic acid interacts with iron absorption to cooperatively control the production of EcN biofilms within an optimal concentration range. Taking these results together, this study suggests that oleanolic acid may enhance probiotic biofilm formation in the intestines, presenting new avenues for probiotic product development.

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What does it take to stick around?

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

OmpR and RcsB abolish temporal and spatial changes in expression of flhD in Escherichia coli Biofilm

OmpR and RcsB abolish temporal and spatial changes in expression of flhD in Escherichia coli Biofilm

Hemagglutination and biofilm formation as virulence markers of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in acute urinary tract infections and urolithiasis

Oleanolic Acid Promotes the Formation of Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) Biofilm by Inhibiting Bacterial Motility

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