What does incipient /ay/-raising look like?: A response to Josef Fruehwald

Berkson, Kelly; Davis, Stuart; Strickler, Alyssa

doi:10.1353/lan.2017.0050

Cited by 15 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The dedicated web page lists step-by-step instructions on how to use the script, how to read its output, as well as relevant information on time-normalization. The script has been used to generate results in a number of publications both by ourselves and by other researchers (e.g., BERKSON et al, 2017;CHENG;XU, 2013;GAO;XU, 2013;LEE;MOK, 2017;LIANG, 2016;XU, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FormantPro as a Tool for Speech Analysis and Segmentation / FormantPro como uma ferramenta para a análise e segmentação da fala

Gao²

2018

RELIN

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This paper introduces FormantPro, a Praat-based tool for large-scale, systematic analysis of formant movements, especially for experimental data. The program generates a rich set of output metrics, including continuous contours like time-normalized formant trajectories and formant velocity profiles suitable for direct graphical comparisons, and discrete measurements suitable for statistical analysis. It also allows users to generate mean trajectories and discrete measurements averaged across repetitions and speakers. As an illustration of its usage, data from a preliminary study of syllable segmentation in Mandarin were presented. The alignment of continuous formant trajectories enabled by FormantPro provides evidence that the temporal scopes of consonants and vowels are very different from those based on conventional views, and that acoustic and articulatory boundaries of segments are fundamentally similar.Keywords: FormantPro; formant trajectories; syllable segmentation.Resumo: Este artigo apresenta o FormantPro, uma ferramenta que roda no Praat, dedicada à análise sistemática e em larga escala dos movimentos de formantes, especialmente para dados de natureza experimental. O programa gera um rico conjunto de métricas de saída, incluindo contornos contínuos, como as trajetórias de formantes normalizadas temporalmente e perfis de velocidade de formantes adequados para comparações gráficas diretas, bem como medidas discretas adequadas para a análise estatística. O programa também permite aos usuários gerar médias de trajetórias e medidas discretas calculadas a partir das médias de repetições e de falantes. Como ilustração da sua usabilidade, dados preliminares de um estudo sobre segmentação silábica em mandarim foram apresentados. O alinhamento de trajetórias contínuas de formantes geradas pelo FormantPro oferecem evidência de que os escopos temporais de consoantes e vogais são muito diferentes daqueles baseados em visões convencionais, e de que as fronteiras acústicas e articulatórias dos segmentos são fundamentalmente semelhantes.Palavras-chave: FormantPro; trajetórias dos formantes; segmentação silábica

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FormantPro as a Tool for Speech Analysis and Segmentation / FormantPro como uma ferramenta para a análise e segmentação da fala

Gao²

2018

RELIN

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“…We did not discuss other trochaic words such as Nike, bison, tiger and spider. When these words are considered we get a different understanding of incipient /aɪ/-raising and the nature of Dialect B and are able to refine the analysis presented in Berkson et al (2017). Consideration of the additional trochaic words reveals that even the so-called phonological raisers, the Dialect A speakers, do not pattern identically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…/aɪ/-raising appears to be incipient in Fort Wayne, probably beginning within the past 10-15 years. This paper builds on our recent work in documenting the nature of /aɪ/-raising in this variety (Berkson, Davis and Strickler 2017), but the specific aim here is to resolve a mystery in the literature on Canadian raising: as framed by Kaye (1990, 262), "What ever happened to Dialect B?" Dialect B refers to a pattern of Canadian raising that Joos (1942) observed among Toronto area public school students whereby /aɪ/ was raised to [ʌɪ] before voiceless sounds as in type and write, but not before t-flaps as in writer and writing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2 we briefly discuss the findings from Berkson et al (2017) and provide data that illustrate two sample speakers, one with no raising and one with phonological raising (Dialect A). In Section 3, we consider the issue of /aɪ/-raising in bisyllabic trochaic words and are able to document more completely the existence of an incipient raising pattern that resembles Dialect B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Section 3, we consider the issue of /aɪ/-raising in bisyllabic trochaic words and are able to document more completely the existence of an incipient raising pattern that resembles Dialect B. Berkson et al (2017) reported only on raising in bisyllabic words where /aɪ/ occurred before a surface flap as in writing and riding. We did not discuss other trochaic words such as Nike, bison, tiger and spider.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unlocking the Mystery of Dialect B

Davis

Berkson

Strickler³

2020

American Speech

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This article addresses incipient/aI/-raising in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Acoustic analysis of word list data from 27 participants targets both typical items (e.g., write, writing) and monomorphemic trochaic words often overlooked in previous research (e.g., Nike, bison, cyber, tiger). It reports four major/aI/production patterns in the Fort Wayne data, which range on a continuum from no/aI/-raising to phonological raising of/aI/(i.e., raising before t-flaps, a pattern of Canadian raising referred to as Dialect A). In the middle of the continuum is found the elusive Dialect B, a pattern of Canadian raising first documented by Martin Joos in 1942 in which raising occurs in write but not before t-flaps. The authors find that speakers of this type of raising tend not to raise in any trochaic words. In fact, raising in monomorphemic trochaic words, such as Nike or bison, is exceedingly rare in the Fort Wayne data. In tandem with the variation observed within Fort Wayne, the fact that raising has not yet extended into monomorphemic trochaic words further suggests that raising is incipient in this variety. The authors propose that Dialect B is not a separate dialect at all but an incipient variety of Dialect A.

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Acoustic differentiation of allophones of /aɪ/ in Chicagoland English: Statistical comparison of formant trajectories

Hualde

Barlaz

Luchkina

2021

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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Diphthongs have a dynamic formant structure. Nevertheless, many quantitative studies of diphthongs are based on measurements at only two points, somewhere in the nucleus and somewhere in the glide. The question arises as to whether analyses based on values at only two points provide an adequate understanding of the dynamics of diphthongs. Wieling (2018) mentions the analysis of /aɪ/ raising in Chicago English in Hualde, Luchkina & Eager (2017) as one of several examples of recent studies where potentially interesting patterns may have been missed because of limited sampling of formant values, and proposes using Generalized Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) to allow a more complete understanding of diphthong dynamics. In this paper, we examine the acoustic nature of the (quasi-)phonemic differentiation between two originally allophonic variants of the diphthong /aɪ/ in the US English of Chicago and the surrounding area. We offer an acoustic analysis based on full formant trajectories of diphthongs with data obtained from a group of 53 speakers. The results of a GAMM analysis are then compared with those obtained in Hualde et al. (2017), which considered values at only two points and from a smaller set of speakers (17). We also discuss the main advantages of GAMM analysis over other techniques that have being proposed for the analysis of differences in vowel formant dynamics.

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What does incipient /ay/-raising look like?: A response to Josef Fruehwald

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

FormantPro as a Tool for Speech Analysis and Segmentation / FormantPro como uma ferramenta para a análise e segmentação da fala

FormantPro as a Tool for Speech Analysis and Segmentation / FormantPro como uma ferramenta para a análise e segmentação da fala

Unlocking the Mystery of Dialect B

Acoustic differentiation of allophones of /aɪ/ in Chicagoland English: Statistical comparison of formant trajectories

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