What does heat tell a mosquito? Characterization of the orientation behaviour of Aedes aegypti towards heat sources

Zermoglio, Paula; Robuchon, Eddy; Leonardi, María Soledad; Chandre, Fabrice; Lazzari, Cláudio R.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.010

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…To detect and locate suitable hosts, mosquitoes rely on multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermosensory information [1][2][3][4][5] while flying through a dynamic environment [6]. Whereas responses to olfactory (for review [7][8][9]) and, to a lesser extent, thermal stimuli [10,11] have been well studied, comparatively less is known about how visual cues evoke behavioural responses in mosquitoes (but see [12,13]) and how olfaction and vision are integrated. A recent study showed that CO2 detection activates a strong attraction to visual features that is critical for mediating interaction with close-range cues like heat and other host volatiles [3].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-Olfactory Integration in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti

et al. 2019

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-Olfactory Integration in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti

et al. 2019

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“…To design a tool that can easily be used in a variety of 'mosquito labs' (including (semi-)field settings), we sought to recapitulate this behavioral sequence using readily available and low-cost laboratory materials. Heat is a dominant factor in short-range mosquito attraction and can be used to attract mosquitoes to a surface and elicit probing behavior (Healy et al, 2002;Corfas and Vosshall, 2015;Zermoglio et al, 2017). We constructed a bite substrate using an optically clear flask filled with water as a controllable heat source (see Fig.…”

Section: The Biteoscopementioning

confidence: 99%

BiteOscope: an open platform to study mosquito blood-feeding behavior

Hol

Lambrechts

Prakash

2020

Preprint

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Female mosquitoes need a blood meal to reproduce, and in obtaining this essential nutrient they transmit deadly pathogens. Although crucial for the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, our understanding of skin exploration, probing, and engorgement, is limited due to a lack of quantitative tools. Indeed, studies often expose human subjects to assess biting behavior. Here, we present the biteOscope, a device that attracts mosquitoes to a host mimic which they bite to obtain an artificial blood meal. The host mimic is transparent, allowing high-resolution imaging of the feeding mosquito. Using machine learning we extract detailed behavioral statistics describing the locomotion, pose, biting, and feeding dynamics of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles stephensi, and Anopheles coluzzii. In addition to characterizing behavioral patterns, we discover that the common insect repellent DEET repels Anopheles coluzzii upon contact with their legs. The biteOscope provides a new perspective on mosquito blood feeding, enabling high-throughput quantitative characterization of the effects physiological and environmental factors have on this lethal behavior.in contact-dependent sensing on the legs and proboscis (Sparks et al., 2013;Matthews et al., 2019; Dennis et al., 2019), suggesting that these appendages evaluate the skin surface and thus serve an important role in bite-site selection. Yet the role and mechanism of contact-dependent sensing in blood feeding, is largely unclear (Benton, 2017). In addition to the body parts that come in contact with the skin surface, the skin piercing labrum also serves as a chemosensory organ, guiding blood feeding in currently unknown ways (Lee, 1974;Werner-Reiss et al., 1999;Jové et al., 2020).In addition to external cues, an animal's (internal) physiology may also affect its behavior. Nutrition, hydration, and pathogen infections, for instance, have been hypothesized to affect blood feeding behavior, e.g. by altering feeding avidity (i.e. number of feeding attempts) or the bioRxiv preprint 1 of 18 Abboubakar H, Buonomo B, Chitnis N. Modelling the effects of malaria infection on mosquito biting behaviour and attractiveness of humans. Ricerche di matematica. 2016; 65(1):329-346. Afify A, Betz JF, Riabinina O, Lahondère C, Potter CJ. Commonly used insect repellents hide human odors from Anopheles mosquitoes. Dickinson MH. High-throughput ethomics in large groups of Drosophila. Nature methods. 2009; 6(6):451. van Breugel F, Riffell J, Fairhall A, Dickinson MH. Mosquitoes use vision to associate odor plumes with thermal targets. Current Biology. 2015; 25(16):2123-2129. Cator LJ, George J, Blanford S, Murdock CC, Baker TC, Read AF, Thomas MB. 'Manipulation'without the parasite: altered feeding behaviour of mosquitoes is not dependent on infection with malaria parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2013; 280(1763):20130711. Cator LJ, Lynch PA, Thomas MB, Read AF. Alterations in mosquito behaviour by malaria parasites: potential impact on force of infection. Malar...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito,Aedes aegypti

Vinauger

Breugel

Locke

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Mosquitoes rely on the integration of multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermal stimuli, to detect, identify and locate their hosts [1][2][3][4]. Although we increasingly know more about the role of chemosensory behaviours in mediating mosquito-host interactions [1], the role of visual cues remains comparatively less studied [3], and how the combination of olfactory and visual information is integrated in the mosquito brain remains unknown. In the present study, we used a tethered-flight LED arena, which allowed for quantitative control over the stimuli, to show that CO2 exposure affects target-tracking responses, but not responses to large-field visual stimuli. In addition, we show that CO2 modulates behavioural responses to visual objects in a time-dependent manner. To gain insight into the neural basis of this olfactory and visual coupling, we conducted two-photon microscopy experiments in a new GCaMP6s-expressing mosquito line. Imaging revealed that the majority of ROIs in the lobula region of the optic lobe exhibited strong responses to small-field stimuli, but showed little response to a large-field stimulus. Approximately 20% of the neurons we imaged were modulated when an attractive odour preceded the visual stimulus; these same neurons also elicited a small response when the odour was presented alone. By contrast, imaging in the antennal lobe revealed no modulation when visual stimuli were presented before or after the olfactory stimulus. Together, our results are the first to reveal the dynamics of olfactory modulation in visually evoked behaviours of mosquitoes, and suggest that coupling between these sensory systems is asymmetrical and timedependent.3 Results and DiscussionTo detect and locate suitable hosts, mosquitoes rely on multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermosensory information [1][2][3][4][5] while flying through a dynamic environment [6]. Whereas responses to olfactory (for review [7][8][9]) and, to a lesser extent, thermal stimuli [10,11] have been well studied, comparatively less is known about how visual cues evoke behavioural responses in mosquitoes (but see [12,13]) and how olfaction and vision are integrated. A recent study showed that CO2 detection activates a strong attraction to visual features that is critical for mediating interaction with close-range cues like heat and other host volatiles [3]. However, because this study relied on free-flight assays, it was difficult to control the sensory experience of the mosquitoes, which is a function of both their trajectories through space and the spatiotemporal distribution of the stimuli within the wind tunnel. In other animals, ranging from bees to humans, prior exposure to a visual stimulus can modify olfactory responses [14][15][16], and vice versa [17]. It thus remains an open question how the temporal order and interval between detection of olfactory and visual stimuli influences mosquito behaviour and processing in the brain.In contrast to free-flight assays, tethered flight experiments ...

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What does heat tell a mosquito? Characterization of the orientation behaviour of Aedes aegypti towards heat sources

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Visual-Olfactory Integration in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti

Visual-Olfactory Integration in the Human Disease Vector Mosquito Aedes aegypti

BiteOscope: an open platform to study mosquito blood-feeding behavior

Visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito,Aedes aegypti

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