What do we see out of the corner of our eye? The role of visual pivots and gaze anchors in sport

Vater, Christian; Williams, A. Mark; Hossner, Ernst-Joachim

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2019.1582082

Cited by 71 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…To better understand the underlying mechanisms of peripheral vision in future studies, a dual-task approach should be pursued combining a monitoring with a detection task. This would allow to examine the processing of information via the fovea or peripheral vision and simultaneously investigate the location of gaze and the locus of attention (Vater et al, 2019b). As anticipated, the effects of the intervention combining sport-specific and a juggling task in this study seem consistent with results of previous studies on the effects of juggling on perceptual-motor control (Beek et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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On-Field Perceptual-Cognitive Training Improves Peripheral Reaction in Soccer: A Controlled Trial

2020

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Abilities such as peripheral reaction are of special importance in soccer. Whether these abilities can be improved by sport-specific on-field interventions remains unclear. The aim of the present controlled trial was to investigate the effect of a soccer-specific perceptual-cognitive on-field training on peripheral reaction of highly talented soccer players aged 12-13 years. N = 38 male elite athletes from young talent centers were allocated to an intervention (n = 19) and a control group (CG) (n = 19). Computer-based peripheral perception tests were conducted before and after intervention. Combining a sport-specific and a juggling task, the intervention was performed once a week (8 weeks, 20 min per week) in addition to team training. The CG exclusively underwent usual team training. Analyses show significant differences between the two groups for peripheral reaction time (PRT), with significant improvements for the intervention group and none for the CG. Furthermore, results indicate that improvements in peripheral reaction might be due to changes in the reaction time of right-footed players. Future studies should be conducted to clarify the effect of sport-specific on-field training approaches on PRT. These analyses should consider the influence of lateralization on effectivity of perceptual-cognitive on-field training approaches.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Most notably, this is the first controlled trial to our knowledge investigating the effect of such an intervention on PRT. Moreover, a recent review amplifies that when investigating peripheral perception in sport, experimental control should not be disregarded (Vater et al, 2019b). In this study, we used a standardized testing procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Field Perceptual-Cognitive Training Improves Peripheral Reaction in Soccer: A Controlled Trial

2020

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“…Such approaches promise a high ecological validity-despite a high standardization-and thus should be utilized in future perceptual-cognitive research approaches. The detection of eye movements should further be used to differentiate gaze behaviors and their different functionalities [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Vision Tests in Sports: Training Effects and Reliability of Peripheral Perception Test

Schumacher

Schmidt

Reer

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Various studies suggest the importance of peripheral vision (PV) in sports. Computer-based test systems provide objective methods to measure PV. Nevertheless, the reliability and training effects are not clarified in detail. The purpose of this investigation was to present a short narrative non-systematic review on computer-based PV tests and to determine the reliability and the training effects of peripheral perception sub-test (PP) of the Vienna test system (VTS) in a test–retest design. N = 21 male athletes aged between 20 and 30 years (M = 26.15; SD = 3.1) were included. The main outcome parameters were peripheral reaction (PR), PR left (PRL), PR right (PRR), field of vision (FOV), visual angle left (VAL), and visual angle right (VAR). Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Training effects were determined by students t-test. Good reliability was observed in PR, PRL, and PRR. Moderate reliability was found in FOV, VAL, and VAR. Significant improvements between T0 and T1 were found in PRL with a mean difference of 0.04 s (95% CI [0.00–0.07]) and in PR with a mean difference of 0.02 s (95% CI [0.00–0.05]). For PRR, FOV, VAL, VAR, no significant differences were detected. These results indicate that PP can be applied to asses PV abilities in sports. Future research is needed to clarify the influence of test repetitions on visuomotor learning in PP. Moreover, PV tests should be cross-validated with sport-specific measurements (e.g., on-field and/or ‘virtual reality’ approaches).

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“…Similarly, when players experience increased time constraints, they tend to focus their gaze centrally while using their peripheral vision to extract information from the positioning and movements of other players (Vaeyens et al, 2007). This type of gaze behavior is called a "foveal spot" (Vater et al, 2019). The main advantage of this type of gaze strategy is that information is processed faster peripherally, meaning that relying on peripheral vision in time-constrained situations might be advantageous (Vaeyens et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do Football Players Look at? An Eye-Tracking Analysis of the Visual Fixations of Players in 11 v 11 Elite Football Match Play

et al. 2020

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Current knowledge of gaze behavior in football has primarily originated from eye-tracking research in laboratory settings. Using eye-tracking with elite players in a real-world 11 v 11 football game, this exploratory case study examined the visual fixations of midfield players in the Norwegian premier league. A total of 2,832 fixations by five players, aged 17-23 years (M = 19.84), were analyzed. Our results show that elite football midfielders increased their fixation duration when more information sources became available to them. Additionally, participants used shorter fixation durations than previously reported in laboratory studies. Furthermore, significant differences in gaze behavior between the attack and defense phases were found for both areas of interest and fixation location. Lastly, fixation locations were mainly on the ball, opponent, and teammate category and the player in possession of the ball. Combined, the results of this study enhance the knowledge of how elite footballers use their vision when playing under actual match-play conditions. They also suggest that laboratory designs may not be able to capture the dynamic environment that footballers experience in competition.

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What do we see out of the corner of our eye? The role of visual pivots and gaze anchors in sport

Cited by 71 publications

References 52 publications

On-Field Perceptual-Cognitive Training Improves Peripheral Reaction in Soccer: A Controlled Trial

On-Field Perceptual-Cognitive Training Improves Peripheral Reaction in Soccer: A Controlled Trial

Peripheral Vision Tests in Sports: Training Effects and Reliability of Peripheral Perception Test

What Do Football Players Look at? An Eye-Tracking Analysis of the Visual Fixations of Players in 11 v 11 Elite Football Match Play

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