“…Historically, ESL students have experienced higher attrition than non-ESL students (Brown, 2008;Choi, 2005;Gilchrist & Rector, 2007;Junious, Malecha, Tart, & Young, 2010;Memmer & Worth, 1991;Scheele, Pruitt, Johnson, & Xu, 2011). Over 20 years ago, researchers identified the disparity between ESL and non-ESL nursing student attrition and began to devise ways to close the gap (Memmer & Worth, 1991), but actual attrition rates of ESL students have not been adequately measured and reported.…”