What do we know about the Arcturus XBB.1.16 subvariant?

Looi, Mun-Keat

doi:10.1136/bmj.p1074

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…EG.5 is related to the XBB8 subvariants of the omicron variant that remain dominant in most parts of the world. Eric Topol, from the Scripps Research Institute in California, said that the spike protein of EG.5 has over 15 new mutations compared with two in the previous XBB.1.5 (“kraken”)9 subvariant.…”

Section: Eris Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19: Hospital admissions rise in England amid fears of new variant and waning immunity

Looi¹

2023

BMJ

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Section: Eris Variantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19: Hospital admissions rise in England amid fears of new variant and waning immunity

Looi¹

2023

BMJ

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“…XBB.1.16 is another XBB sublineage harboring the F486P substitution, outcompeting other variants in India by the end of March 2023 ( Looi, 2023 ; Varghese et al, 2023 ). Compared to XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 carries two additional substitutions, E180V in the NTD and T478R in the RBD, in the spike protein ( Yamasoba et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Spike Protein Mutations Produce Antigenic Driftmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of amino acid substitution of spike protein and genomic recombination on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Fang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Over three years’ pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), multiple variants and novel subvariants have emerged successively, outcompeted earlier variants and become predominant. The sequential emergence of variants reflects the evolutionary process of mutation-selection-adaption of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Amino acid substitution/insertion/deletion in the spike protein causes altered viral antigenicity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. Early in the pandemic, D614G mutation conferred virus with advantages over previous variants and increased transmissibility, and it also laid a conservative background for subsequent substantial mutations. The role of genomic recombination in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 raised increasing concern with the occurrence of novel recombinants such as Deltacron, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.9.1, and XBB.1.16 in the late phase of pandemic. Co-circulation of different variants and co-infection in immunocompromised patients accelerate the emergence of recombinants. Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations, particularly spike protein mutation and recombination, is essential to identify ongoing changes in the viral genome and antigenic epitopes and thus leads to the development of new vaccine strategies and interventions.

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“…Other variants with a noticeable spread included BQ.1.1, CK.2.1 and CH.1.1, sub-lineages of BA.5 and BA.2.75 respectively, while the XBB variant (first detected in September 2022) is a recombinant virus that spread significantly in India at the end of 2022 [25][26][27] . XBB derivatives such as XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16.1 and EG.5.1 formed the variants landscape for most of 2023 [28][29][30][31][32][32][33][34] . A recently emerged variant derived from another saltation event, BA.2.86, was designated a VOI in November 2023 following a significant increase in global prevalence 18,33,35 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic

Furnon,

Cowton,

De Lorenzo

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Variants of SARS-CoV-2, defined mainly by mutations in the spike glycoprotein, have emerged throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and will undoubtedly continue to emerge in the future. Spike strongly influences virus phenotype, and it is therefore critical to understand the evolution of this viral protein during distinct phases of the pandemic. Here, we generated a panel of recombinant viruses carrying spike from 27 of the most significant variants, circulating between 2020 and 2024, within an otherwise identical genomic backbone. We systematically assessed phenotypic traits of these viruses both in vitro and in vivo in hamsters. Overall, we determined distinct phenotypic trajectories of spike among and between the variants circulating before (“pre-Omicron") and after (“post-Omicron”) the emergence of Omicron. Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population was followed by a period of adaptation and fine-tuning to the host in the pre-Omicron variants. Omicron simultaneously “reset” several established phenotypes of previously circulating variants. Since then, spike of post-Omicron variants maintained its enhanced tropism for the nasal epithelium but displayed over time several phenotypic traits typical of the pre-Omicron variants. These data suggest that it may be possible for spike with phenotypic features of both pre- and post-Omicron variants to emerge in the future.

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What do we know about the Arcturus XBB.1.16 subvariant?

Abstract: What do we know about the Arcturus XBB.1.16 subvariant?The "Arcturus" subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 has been making headlines for weeks. Mun-Keat Looi reports what we know so far Mun-Keat LooiWhat is XBB.1.16?

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Covid-19: Hospital admissions rise in England amid fears of new variant and waning immunity

Covid-19: Hospital admissions rise in England amid fears of new variant and waning immunity

The effects of amino acid substitution of spike protein and genomic recombination on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Phenotypic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 spike during the COVID-19 pandemic

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