What do we know about China’s covid-19 vaccines?

Baraniuk, Chris

doi:10.1136/bmj.n912

Cited by 83 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In drug repurposing, various existing drugs, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, camostat mesylate, lopinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, and favipiravir, have been tested in clinical trials [5]. In vaccine development, numerous pharmaceutical/academic developers have developed COVID-19 vaccine candidates using various platforms, such as live-attenuated virus (e.g., Codagenix [6]), inactivated virus (e.g., Sinovac [7], Sinopharm [8]); mRNA (e.g., Pfizer [9] Moderna [10], ChulaCov19 [11], and Curevac [12]); DNA (e.g., COVIGEN [13], Inovio [14]); non-replicating viral vectors (e.g., AstraZeneca [15], Johnson & Johnson [16]); and protein sub-units (e.g., Novavax [17]), and conducted clinical trials [18]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has approved several vaccines for emergency use, including AZD1222/AstraZeneca, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson mRNA 1273/Moderna, Sinopharm, and Sinovac-CoronaVac, since 2020 [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging knowledge of Asian herbal medicine and its active compounds as COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Liana

Phanumartwiwath

2021

J Nat Med

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The outbreak of COVID-19 disease has led to a search for effective vaccines or drugs. However, insufficient vaccine supplies to meet global demand and no effective approved prescribed drugs for COVID-19 have led some people to consider the use of alternative or complementary medicines, such as traditional herbal medicine. Medicinal plants have various therapeutic properties that depend on the active compounds they contain. Obviously, herbal medicine has had an essential role in treatment and prevention during COVID-19 outbreak, especially in Asian cultures. Hence, we reviewed the uses of herbal medicine in Asian cultures and described the prominent families and species that are sources of antiviral agents against COVID-19 on the basis of case reports, community surveys, and guidelines available in the literature databases. Antiviral efficacy as determined in laboratory testing was assessed, and several promising active compounds with their molecular targets in cell models against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection will be discussed. Our review findings revealed the highly frequent use of Lamiaceae family members, Zingiber officinale, and Glycyrrhiza spp. as medicinal sources for treatment of COVID-19. In addition, several plant bioactive compounds derived from traditional herbal medicine, including andrographolide, panduratin A, baicalein, digoxin, and digitoxin, have shown potent SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity as compared with some repurposed FDA-approved drugs. These commonly used plants and promising compounds are recommended for further exploration of their safety and efficacy against COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging knowledge of Asian herbal medicine and its active compounds as COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Liana

Phanumartwiwath

2021

J Nat Med

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“…Conversely, strategies adopted by Indonesia and China aim to minimise transmission by prioritising the younger working population who contribute most to transmission [69][70][71] . This can be an effective strategy if efficacy in older age groups is poor and/or vaccines can prevent infection or reduce the infectiousness of breakthrough cases in vaccinated individuals 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting estimates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy and effectiveness to inform simulation studies of vaccine impact: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background: The multiple efficacious vaccines authorised for emergency use worldwide represent the first preventative intervention against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that does not rely on social distancing measures. The speed at which data are emerging and the heterogeneities in study design, target populations, and implementation make it challenging to interpret and assess the likely impact of vaccine campaigns on local epidemics. We reviewed available vaccine efficacy and effectiveness studies to generate working estimates that can be used to parameterise simulation studies of vaccine impact. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, the World Health Organization’s Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, medRxiv, and vaccine manufacturer websites for studies that evaluated the emerging data on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness. Studies providing an estimate of the efficacy or effectiveness of a COVID-19 vaccine using disaggregated data against SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic disease, severe disease, death, or transmission were included. We extracted information on study population, variants of concern (VOC), vaccine platform, dose schedule, study endpoints, and measures of impact. We applied an evidence synthesis approach to capture a range of plausible and consistent parameters for vaccine efficacy and effectiveness that can be used to inform and explore a variety of vaccination strategies as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves. Results: Of the 602 articles and reports identified, 53 were included in the analysis. The availability of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness estimates varied by vaccine and were limited for VOCs. Estimates for non-primary endpoints such as effectiveness against infection and onward transmission were sparse. Synthesised estimates were relatively consistent for the same vaccine platform for wild-type, but was more variable for VOCs. Conclusions: Assessment of efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines is complex. Simulation studies must acknowledge and capture the uncertainty in vaccine effectiveness to robustly explore and inform vaccination policies and policy around the lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

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“…Before the phase III trial data of Chinese COVID-19 vaccines were published in the peer-reviewed journals, the relevant data were only shared through announcements from the manufacturers and the governments in countries where the trials were conducted, or based on interim phase III data [102]. For example, the efficacy of Corona Vac developed by Sinovac ranges from 50.4% to 86% in different countries, while Ad5-nCoV was reported with an efficacy of 65% for preventing symptoms and 90% for preventing severe symptoms.…”

Section: Current Available Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy in China: A Case Study

et al. 2021

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China was first reported to the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019, after the first cases were officially identified around 8 December 2019. However, the case of an infected patient of 55 years old can probably be traced back on 17 November. The spreading has been rapid and heterogeneous. Economic, political and social impacts have not been long overdue. This paper, based on English, French and Chinese research in national and international databases, aims to study the COVID-19 situation in China through the management of the outbreak and the Chinese response to vaccination strategy. The coronavirus disease pandemic is under control in China through non-pharmaceutical interventions, and the mass vaccination program has been launched to further prevent the disease and progressed steadily with 483.34 million doses having been administered across the country by 21 May 2021. China is also acting as an important player in the development and production of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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What do we know about China’s covid-19 vaccines?

Abstract: The country where covid-19 first emerged is championing a string of vaccines, both domestically and abroad. But opacity surrounding data makes for a fractured picture, reports Chris Baraniuk

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Leveraging knowledge of Asian herbal medicine and its active compounds as COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Leveraging knowledge of Asian herbal medicine and its active compounds as COVID-19 treatment and prevention

Interpreting estimates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy and effectiveness to inform simulation studies of vaccine impact: a systematic review

COVID-19 Vaccination Strategy in China: A Case Study

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