“…While computing has been (re)introduced into the basic education curricula in various countries (Bresnihan et al, 2015;McGarr & Johnston, 2020;Mertala et al, 2020;Sentance & Csizmadia, 2017;Williamson et al, 2019), its actual implementation appears to be inconsistent. There are schools in which computing education is commonplace (Duncan et al, 2017;Geldreich et al, 2018), while the implementation seems to be lagging behind in others (Larke, 2019;Tanhua-Piiroinen et al, 2020). As a result, significant public (eg, Dickens, 2016;McDonald, 2017) and scholarly (eg, Duncan et al, 2017;Mason & Rich, 2019;Rich et al, 2021;Sentance & Csizmadia, 2017) debate has focused on the question of how to ensure that all teachers are qualified and competent enough to teach computing.…”