What Do Parents Have to Do with My Cognitive Reserve Life Course Perspectives on Twelve-Year Cognitive Decline

González, Hector M.; Tarraf, Wassim; Bowen, Mary Elizabeth; Johnson-Jennings, Michelle D.; Fisher, Gwenith G.

doi:10.1159/000350723

Cited by 51 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(37 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results show that the meanlevel differences as a function of childhood social class were stable over the later part of the life-course, but that social class did not affect the rate of cognitive decline in old age. These initial findings are largely consistent with previous cross-sectional studies on the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cognitive ability in old age (5,6). In the Health and Retirement Study, Lyu and Burr (4) found evidence of an effect of some socioeconomic indicators on cognitive change over time, although the specific effect of social class was only found on mean-level differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

Ericsson

Lundholm

Fors

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this report we analyzed genetically informative data to investigate within-person change and between-person differences in late-life cognitive abilities as a function of childhood social class. We used data from nine testing occasions spanning 28 y in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging and parental social class based on the Swedish socioeconomic index. Cognitive ability included a general factor and the four domains of verbal, fluid, memory, and perceptual speed. Latent growth curve models of the longitudinal data tested whether level and change in cognitive performance differed as a function of childhood social class. Between-within twin-pair analyses were performed on twins reared apart to assess familial confounding. Childhood social class was significantly associated with mean-level cognitive performance at age 65 y, but not with rate of cognitive change. The association decreased in magnitude but remained significant after adjustments for level of education and the degree to which the rearing family was supportive toward education. A between-pair effect of childhood social class was significant in all cognitive domains, whereas within-pair estimates were attenuated, indicating genetic confounding. Thus, childhood social class is important for cognitive performance in adulthood on a population level, but the association is largely attributable to genetic influences. childhood social class | cognitive aging | adoption | twins

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

Ericsson

Lundholm

Fors

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, in the US Health and Retirement Study, several markers of individual achievement (e.g., education, income, and wealth) were positively associated with baseline cognitive function, but not with the rate of global decline over 12 years period [25]. This supports a larger body of literature highlighting that both high and low educated individuals decline, on average, at a similar rate [8, 14, 26-28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

An International Evaluation of Cognitive Reserve and Memory Changes in Early Old Age in 10 European Countries

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cognitive reserve was postulated to explain individual differences in susceptibility to ageing, offering apparent protection to those with higher education. We investigated the association between education and change in memory in early old age. Methods: Immediate and delayed memory scores from over 10,000 individuals aged 65 years and older, from 10 countries of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, were modeled as a function of time in the study over an 8-year period, fitting independent latent growth models. Education was used as a marker of cognitive reserve and evaluated in association with memory performance and rate of change, while accounting for income, general health, smoking, body mass index, gender, and baseline age. Results: In most countries, more educated individuals performed better on both memory tests at baseline, compared to those less educated. However, education was not protective against faster decline, except for in Spain for both immediate and delayed recall (0.007 [SE = 0.003] and 0.006 [SE = 0.002]), and Switzerland for immediate recall (0.006 [SE = 0.003]). Interestingly, highly educated Italian respondents had slightly faster declines in immediate recall (-0.006 [SE = 0.003]). Conclusions: We found weak evidence of a protective effect of education on memory change in most European samples, although there was a positive association with memory performance at individuals' baseline assessment.

show abstract

“…The pathway or "indirect effects" model was consistent with the findings of Singh-Manoux, Richards, and Marmot (2005), which suggested that childhood socioeconomic position has an indirect effect on adult cognition through the pathways of education and adult socioeconomic position. Similarly, González et al (2013) found that adult socioeconomic achievement predicted global cognitive functioning more than did childhood socioeconomic conditions in a longitudinal study of older adults, arguing that childhood conditions are associated with educational and adult socioeconomic opportunities. Furthermore, these researchers found that adult socioeconomic achievement may reverse adverse effects of childhood socioeconomic conditions and thus afford cognitive protection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Socioeconomic status is a life-course phenomenon, with different socioeconomic indicators influencing cognitive health differently at different stages (Fors, Lennartsson, & Lundberg, 2009;González, Tarraf, Bowen, Johnson-Jennings, & Fisher, 2013;Lee et al, 2010). Early-life risks such as education and late-life risks such as income might influence cognitive health trajectories through different pathways (Lee et al, 2010), and a life-course perspective on socioeconomic status would allow the fuller context of socioeconomic risk factors for cognitive decline or impairment to be understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive function in older adults according to current socioeconomic status

Zhang

Gale

Erickson

et al. 2015

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cognitive function may be influenced by education, socioeconomic status, sex, and health status. Furthermore, aging interacts with these factors to influence cognition and dementia risk in late life. Factors that may increase or decrease successful cognitive aging are of critical importance, particularly if they are modifiable. The purpose of this study was to determine if economic status in late life is associated with cognition independent of socioeconomic status in early life. Cross-sectional demographic, socioeconomic, and cognitive function data were obtained in 2592 older adults (average age 71.6 years) from the Center for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and analyzed with linear regression modeling. Cognitive function, as measured with a test of processing speed, was significantly associated with poverty index scores after adjusting for educational attainment as an estimate of childhood socioeconomic status, ethnic background, age, health status, and sex (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that current economic status is independently associated with cognitive function in adults over age 60 years.

show abstract

What Do Parents Have to Do with My Cognitive Reserve Life Course Perspectives on Twelve-Year Cognitive Decline

Cited by 51 publications

References 57 publications

Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

Childhood social class and cognitive aging in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

An International Evaluation of Cognitive Reserve and Memory Changes in Early Old Age in 10 European Countries

Cognitive function in older adults according to current socioeconomic status

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About