What Do News Aggregators Do? Evidence from Google News in Spain and Germany

Calzada, Joan; Gil, Ricard

doi:10.1287/mksc.2019.1150

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Online newspapers have reacted to these snippets in different ways. Recently, in Germany and Spain, Google News has been restricted based on claims that this practice of displaying snippets of news releases violates news publishers' copyright [38]. Hence, news snippets are considered to be driving changes in European law [39].…”

Section: News Snippetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Answers in Google Search Results

Strzelecki

Rutecka

2020

IEEE Access

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This study aims to explore Google's new "featured snippet" (a direct answer that appears in web search results) to better understand the method of extracting and displaying such answers above regular ranked results. The motivation for the study was to investigate form, structure, and relation to query, content, and domain of the direct answer. This study utilized a dataset of 743,798 keywords and the displayed direct answers. It also included web search data for every direct answer, e.g. resulting domain, full URL address and its original ranking, content of the direct answer, and competition (measured as the number of monthly searches for every query). The main finding concerns the form of construction of keywords used in the website content. Keywords should be built in the form of short, two-to-four-word sentences comprising the subject and its attribute. Using relative pronouns, articles, and prepositions, as well as using questions as queries, can help to properly define a query and display the best direct answer. The dataset is relatively small compared to the volume of searches made daily. No other factors were extracted from the URL, and all data concerned the Google search engine only. Implications for webmasters include: keywords used in website content should be close to grammar forms used in queries; use keywords in URLs; write a comprehensive introduction section on the webpage; and use tables and lists HTML markup. The main objective of this study was to examine the structure of the user's queries which caused in appearing of direct answers. It is comprehensive and based on real data used by web search engine users. The data used to support the findings have been deposited in the Zenodo repository (

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Section: News Snippetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Answers in Google Search Results

Strzelecki

Rutecka

2020

IEEE Access

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“…Our setting allows us to empirically test these two theoretical predictions. We operationalize manufacturer competition using the localized nature of airline competition that provides variation across airports 6 . We expect that in airports that face more competition (and have a strong American presence) the aggregators Expedia and Orbitz will not be significantly impacted during the dispute, i.e.…”

Section: Heterogeneity In Browsing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of Aggregators

Akca

Rao

2020

Marketing Science

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Aggregators are facing increased scrutiny by regulatory authorities, suggesting these sites have considerable market power. On the other extreme, firms are bypassing aggregators, choosing instead to sell directly to consumers. This raises the question as to which party has more market power: the aggregator or the individual firm. Focusing on the airline industry, we investigate who benefits most in the airline-aggregator relationship. Specifically, we ask what would happen to airline and aggregator site visits and purchases in the absence of a comprehensive aggregator. We first explore consumers’ search patterns on Southwest, an airline that has never been part of any aggregator. In a descriptive exercise, we find that consumers who book on Southwest are the least likely to visit aggregator sites. Second, we use the 2011 American dispute with Orbitz as an exogenous event, which led to American fares no longer being displayed on Orbitz for five months. We use this dispute to identify who was hurt the most—the aggregator or the airline—in the months following the dispute. Our findings indicate the aggregator loses the most when it is not comprehensive.

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“…These aggregated social media sites have drastically changed the ways in which users access information and interact with each other. They can also generate a substitution effect when users switch from news outlets (official media) to news aggregators [55]. Consequently, aggregated social media is competing with official social media for more users' attention and has led to an intensified propaganda crisis of official social media.…”

Section: Types Of Social Media Use and Preventive Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens (Preprint)

Li¹,

Liu²

2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has quickly spread around the world and led to a novel pandemic since its outbreak from December 2019. Social media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter and Instagram etc.) had been recognized as the important strategies for health-promoting practice in public health. While social media use is widespread in the general population, but little is known about the effect of social media use on health promotion during pandemic outbreak. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether and how social media use and health literacy predicted public preventive behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak in Chinese contexts. METHODS A national online cross-sectional survey was conducted by proportionate probability sampling method among Chinese netizens in February 2020. Two hierarchical multiple regression models were executed to explore the underlying mechanism of the relationship among all variables. RESULTS Among the 802 participants, 51.9% (N = 416) were male, average age was 32.65 years old. High education (above bachelor, N = 624, 77.7%), high-income (above ￥5,000, N = 525, 65.3%), “Married “(N = 496, 61.8%) and “Good health” (N = 486, 60.6%) were the significant characteristics of the participants. The average time of social use (M = 2.34, SD = 1.12) was about 2-3 hours per day, public social media and aggravated social media were the most used media type. Respondents had high level of disease knowledge (M = 8.15, SD = 1.43), and eHealth literacy (M = 3.79, SD = .59). Frequency of social media use (β = .04, t = 5.97, p＜.001), disease knowledge (β = 5.97, t = 3.42, p＜.001), and eHealth literacy (β = .19, t = 7.69, p＜.001) significantly and positively predicted preventive behaviors, respectively. eHealth literacy (β = .018, t = 2.051, p ＜ .05) did positively and significantly moderate the relationship between frequency of SM use and preventive behaviors, disease knowledge (β = -.01, t = -1.07, p＞ .05) negatively moderated above relationship, but not significantly. Professional SM (β = .041, t = 3.005, p ＜ .01), public SM (β = .077, t = 4.103, p ＜ .001) and aggregated SM (β =.092, t =6.433, p ＜.001) positively predicted preventive behaviors, while “official SM” (β = .013, t = 1.012, p ＞ .05) was excluded. CONCLUSIONS This article was an original research to explore the relationship among one’s SM use, health literacy and preventive behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak in China. We found that social media use really influenced individual’s preventive behaviors and aggregated SM deserved attention in future. Health literacy was essential to health promotion in pandemic outbreak. These results not only enriched the theoretical paradigm of public health management and health communication, but also had practical implications in pandemic control both for China and other countries.

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What Do News Aggregators Do? Evidence from Google News in Spain and Germany

Cited by 57 publications

References 16 publications

Direct Answers in Google Search Results

Direct Answers in Google Search Results

Value of Aggregators

Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens (Preprint)

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