What do functional neuroimaging studies tell us about the association between falls and cognition in older adults? A systematic review

Marshall, Samantha; Gabiazon, Raphael; Persaud, Priyanka; Nagamatsu, Lindsay S.

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101859

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Previous research has also found that older adults with a history of falls have alterations in their ability to attend to both task-relevant (Nagamatsu et al, 2009) and task-irrelevant (Nagamatsu et al, 2013b) visual information. These studies align with a recent systematic review that found that impaired attention is associated with falls risk (Marshall et al, 2023). Such results support the notion that attention is critical for balance and mobility, especially as we age (Althomali and Leat, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Four weeks of meditation training improves sustained attention in community-dwelling older adults: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Ford,

Nagamatsu

2024

Front. Aging

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Introduction: With our rapidly expanding population of older adults, identifying effective intervention strategies to improve cognitive functioning is an increasing priority. This study sought to examine whether 4 weeks of thrice-weekly meditation training can improve attention in older adults, as well as whether such benefits may extend to other domains of cognition as well as mobility.Methods: Forty-three participants (mean age 68 years) were randomized into either the focused attention meditation group or the music listening control group (Clinicaltrials.gov ID NCT03417635). Participants completed three 20-minute guided group sessions per week for four consecutive weeks. Our primary outcome measure was behavioural performance on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART). Secondary and tertiary outcome measures included event-related potentials (ERPs) during the SART task, measures of executive functioning, and measures of mobility.Results: We found that meditation training significantly improved attention, as demonstrated by improved SART accuracy and changes in N2 ERP amplitude and latency.Discussion: These findings suggest that meditation may lead to changes in attention and underlying cognitive processing in older adults, although a full-scale definitive trial is needed. Future research on the long-term benefits with real world applications is warranted.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Four weeks of meditation training improves sustained attention in community-dwelling older adults: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Ford,

Nagamatsu

2024

Front. Aging

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“…7 Shared risk factors include impaired executive function and changes in brain structure. 8,9 Therefore, falls may serve as an indicative marker of diminishing cognitive faculties within a clinical context. Additionally, fall-related consequences like forced social isolation, diminished physical activity, and the fear of falling can exacerbate the potential risk of cognitive decline.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Falls and subsequent cognitive function in older adults in England and the USA, 2010–2020: a population-based, cross-nationally harmonized, longitudinal study

Kou,

Shi,

Huang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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INTRODUCTION: The understanding of the long-term cognitive consequences of falls remains insufficient. Our research aims to explore the association between falls and domain-specific cognitive decline, utilizing nationally representative aging cohorts. METHODS We studied 13,652 individuals from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between falls and domain-specific cognitive decline (z-standardized) and rates of cognitive change. RESULTS Individuals with a single fall (pooled β = -0.007; 95% CI, -0.013 to -0.002; P = 0.006) and those with multiple falls (pooled β = -0.021; 95% CI, -0.026 to -0.016; P < 0.001) experienced a faster decline in global cognitive z scores compared to no history of falls. Similar patterns were observed across memory, executive, and orientation functions. DISCUSSION In this combined cohort study, including samples from ELSA and HRS, we discerned a marked association between the falls and domain-specific cognitive decline.

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Effects of Dalcroze Eurhythmics Exercise Versus Multicomponent Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Function, and Falls in Older Adults: The EPHYCOS Randomized Controlled Trial

Hars,

Fernandez,

Herrmann

et al. 2024

Advanced Biology

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Currently, robust evidence is lacking to support one exercise type over another in the prevention of physical and cognitive decline and falls among older adults, primarily because of the lack of comparative trials of proven interventions. Therefore, a 12‐month randomized, single‐blind, comparative effectiveness trial is conducted, in which 142 older adults at high risk for falls are randomized (1:1) to receive an evidence‐based Dalcroze Eurhythmics (DE) exercise program (once weekly, group‐based) or an evidence‐based multicomponent (MULTI) exercise program incorporating balance, functional, and strength training activities (twice weekly, group‐ and home‐based), for 12 months. The primary outcome is gait variability under dual‐task at 12 months. At 12 months, the DE group has significant improvements compared with MULTI group on gait under both dual‐task (adjusted β for stride variability: −2.3, 95%CI, −3.1 to −1.4; p < 0.001) and single‐task, and on a variety of secondary physical and cognitive/executive function outcomes. The adjusted hazard ratio for falls is 0.58 (95%CI, 0.37 to 0.93) for the DE group compared with MULTI group. In conclusion, DE exercise is more effective than MULTI exercise in improving physical and cognitive function and reducing falls in older adults. The mechanisms underlying DE exercise‐induced benefits remain to be fully elucidated.

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What do functional neuroimaging studies tell us about the association between falls and cognition in older adults? A systematic review

Cited by 6 publications

References 97 publications

Four weeks of meditation training improves sustained attention in community-dwelling older adults: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Four weeks of meditation training improves sustained attention in community-dwelling older adults: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial

Falls and subsequent cognitive function in older adults in England and the USA, 2010–2020: a population-based, cross-nationally harmonized, longitudinal study

Effects of Dalcroze Eurhythmics Exercise Versus Multicomponent Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Function, and Falls in Older Adults: The EPHYCOS Randomized Controlled Trial

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