What do cells regulate in soft tissues on short time scales?

Eichinger, Jonas F.; Paukner, Daniel; Aydin, Roland C.; Wall, Wolfgang A.; Humphrey, Jay D.; Cyron, Christian J.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.054

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…We critically note, however, that the question which quantity is the target of homeostasis remains unclear and part of ongoing research (Eichinger et al. 2021b ). Another heuristic assumption in our study was that systolic stress defines the target state, while it also remains poorly understood how the homeostatic state should be defined and understood best in highly dynamic systems such as the heart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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A homogenized constrained mixture model of cardiac growth and remodeling: analyzing mechanobiological stability and reversal

Gebauer¹,

Pfaller²,

Braeu³

et al. 2023

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Cardiac growth and remodeling (G&R) patterns change ventricular size, shape, and function both globally and locally. Biomechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic stimuli drive these patterns through changes in myocyte dimension and fibrosis. We propose a novel microstructure-motivated model that predicts organ-scale G&R in the heart based on the homogenized constrained mixture theory. Previous models, based on the kinematic growth theory, reproduced consequences of G&R in bulk myocardial tissue by prescribing the direction and extent of growth but neglected underlying cellular mechanisms. In our model, the direction and extent of G&R emerge naturally from intra- and extracellular turnover processes in myocardial tissue constituents and their preferred homeostatic stretch state. We additionally propose a method to obtain a mechanobiologically equilibrated reference configuration. We test our model on an idealized 3D left ventricular geometry and demonstrate that our model aims to maintain tensional homeostasis in hypertension conditions. In a stability map, we identify regions of stable and unstable G&R from an identical parameter set with varying systolic pressures and growth factors. Furthermore, we show the extent of G&R reversal after returning the systolic pressure to baseline following stage 1 and 2 hypertension. A realistic model of organ-scale cardiac G&R has the potential to identify patients at risk of heart failure, enable personalized cardiac therapies, and facilitate the optimal design of medical devices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is generally accepted that there is a preferred mechanical state within living tissue that mechanobiological activity seeks to retain (Eichinger et al. 2021b ). This state is often referred to as homeostatic state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A homogenized constrained mixture model of cardiac growth and remodeling: analyzing mechanobiological stability and reversal

Gebauer¹,

Pfaller²,

Braeu³

et al. 2023

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

Self Cite

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“…It is widely accepted that an artery undergoes changes in mass and microstructure to restore its homeostatic state [36]. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) react to an overload by synthesizing collagen fibers [37,38]. On the other hand, if the deviation from the homeostatic state is too high, elastin and collagen damage and fragmentation occur, leading to tissue degradation [39,40,41,42].…”

Section: Growth and Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Vascular Growth and Remodeling: A Computational Framework to Promote Benign Adaptation in the Ross Procedure

Vervenne,

Maes,

Van Hoof

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Mechanical homeostasis in tissue equivalents: a review

Eichinger

Haeusel

Paukner

et al. 2021

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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There is substantial evidence that growth and remodeling of load bearing soft biological tissues is to a large extent controlled by mechanical factors. Mechanical homeostasis, which describes the natural tendency of such tissues to establish, maintain, or restore a preferred mechanical state, is thought to be one mechanism by which such control is achieved across multiple scales. Yet, many questions remain regarding what promotes or prevents homeostasis. Tissue equivalents, such as collagen gels seeded with living cells, have become an important tool to address these open questions under well-defined, though limited, conditions. This article briefly reviews the current state of research in this area. It summarizes, categorizes, and compares experimental observations from the literature that focus on the development of tension in tissue equivalents. It focuses primarily on uniaxial and biaxial experimental studies, which are well-suited for quantifying interactions between mechanics and biology. The article concludes with a brief discussion of key questions for future research in this field.

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What do cells regulate in soft tissues on short time scales?

Cited by 6 publications

References 69 publications

A homogenized constrained mixture model of cardiac growth and remodeling: analyzing mechanobiological stability and reversal

A homogenized constrained mixture model of cardiac growth and remodeling: analyzing mechanobiological stability and reversal

Drivers of Vascular Growth and Remodeling: A Computational Framework to Promote Benign Adaptation in the Ross Procedure

Mechanical homeostasis in tissue equivalents: a review

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