What difference does disaster risk reduction make? Insights from Vanuatu and tropical cyclone Pam

Webb, Julie

doi:10.1007/s10113-020-01584-y

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Local areas, for example individual provinces, in PNG must be able to self-initiate strategies that are effective and appropriate to them. In this context, I-EWS and risk assessment informed community/provincial-scale DRR is an increasingly important focus for PNG (Webb, 2020). This study will expand on previous research with an aim to address the risk knowledge components of a user-centred I-EWS for informing bottom-up resilient management on the local area scale in PNG.…”

Section: Disaster Risk Assessment For Pngmentioning

confidence: 93%

Validating a Tailored Disaster Risk Assessment Methodology: Drought Risk Assessment in Local PNG Regions

Aitkenhead

Kuleshov

Bhardwaj

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of natural hazards, causing adverse impacts on vulnerable communities. Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are of particular concern, requiring resilient disaster risk management consisting of two key elements: proactivity and suitability. User-centred Integrated Early Warning Systems (I-EWSs) can inform resilient risk management. However, an EWS is only effectively integrated when all components are functioning adequately. In Pacific SIDS, the risk knowledge component of an I-EWS is underexplored. Risk knowledge is improved through efficient risk assessment. A case study assessing drought risk in PNG provinces was conducted to demonstrate the development and validate the application of a tailored risk assessment methodology. Hazard, vulnerability, and exposure indicators appropriate for monitoring drought in PNG provinces were selected. Risk indices for past years (2014–2020) were calculated and mapped in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Risk assessment results were validated with a literature investigation of sources presenting information on previous droughts in PNG. The risk assessment indicated a strong drought event in 2015–2016, and a moderate event in 2019–2020. The literature corroborated this, confirming the validity of the risk assessment methodology. The methodology and results can be used to inform improved disaster risk management in PNG, by advising decision-makers of their risk and policymakers on which provinces are of priority for resource allocation. The methodology can also be used to enhance the risk knowledge component of a user-centred I-EWS and guide the implementation of such a system for drought in PNG and other Pacific SIDS.

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Section: Disaster Risk Assessment For Pngmentioning

confidence: 93%

Validating a Tailored Disaster Risk Assessment Methodology: Drought Risk Assessment in Local PNG Regions

Aitkenhead

Kuleshov

Bhardwaj

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Indeed, a few studies have revealed that different groups are affected by and respond to the impacts of disasters differently, depending on various aspects of a person's identity, including age, disability, ethnicity, and gender (Sultana, 2013;Carr and Thomspon, 2014;Haney and Gray-Scholz, 2020). For instance, using case studies of Vanuatu after Cyclone Pam in 2015, Clissold, Westoby, and McNamara (2020) and Webb (2020) highlight the critical roles that women may play in disaster management: despite systems of gender inequality, they may act as 'recovery enablers' (Clissold, Westoby, and McNamara, 2020, p. 101) by exercising leadership, innovation, and entrepreneurship if their voices and roles are respected. For the planning and implementation of measures to address the ramifications of severe climatic events, many studies highlight the significance of effective use of community resources (Petzold, 2016;Webb, 2020), including 'local knowledge, skills, and the integration of collective action for local adaptation, as well as the acceptance and support of communities for decision-making' (Petzold, 2016, p. 123; see also Gómez-Baggethun et al, 2012;Mercer et al, 2012;Jones and Clark, 2013).…”

Section: Minority Groups' Response To Severe Climatic Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A minority group's response to a severe climatic event: a case study of rural Indo‐Fijians after Tropical Cyclone Winston in 2016

Nakamura

Kanemasu

2021

Disasters

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This paper investigates the impacts of Tropical Cyclone Winston (2016) on rural Indo-Fijians and their response to the devastation. Studies have previously examined how rural communities in Pacific Island countries respond to severe climatic events, arguing that traditional knowledge of the climate, together with indigenous techniques, contribute substantially to recovery from a disaster. Strong communal bonds have also been identified as an influencing factor. Disaster risk reduction frameworks often assume the availability of such knowledge and capital. Yet, little research has been done on how minority groups with limited access to such knowledge and capital cope with disaster-related damage. The current study shows that rural Indo-Fijians responded to the consequences of Tropical Cyclone Winston differently to indigenous Fijians, owing to relatively limited access to traditional awareness of the climate, communal labour sharing, and intra-and/or inter-community networks. The findings point to the necessity to implement a more inclusive disaster risk reduction framework.

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“…Past studies have investigated the potential for early warning informed risk management in vulnerable countries but tend to only touch on the risk analysis component of EWSs (Kuleshov et al 2019;Webb 2020). The risk knowledge component of I-EWSs requires further investigation for more efficient implementation of future user-centered I-EWS (Mercer 2010).…”

Section: Case Study-tropical Cyclone Winston Fijimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk assessments for drought, floods and tropical cyclones Risk assessments could be vital to the efficiency of disaster risk management for natural hazards such as drought, floods, and tropical cyclones. However, risk knowledge for these disasters on a localized scale remains minimal (Kuleshov et al 2019;Webb 2020). Risk assessments have been conducted for both slowonset hazards like drought and fast-onset hazards like floods and tropical cyclones in vulnerable communities around the world; however, these have been conducted on broad scales rather than tailored to local vulnerable communities.…”

Section: Case Study-tropical Cyclone Winston Fijimentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems: Adaptation Strategies for the Most Vulnerable Communities

Bhardwaj

Asghari

Aitkenhead

et al. 2021

JSPG

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Climate risk and resultant natural disasters have significant impacts on human and natural environments. It is common for disaster responses to be reactive rather than proactive due to inadequate policy and planning mechanisms—such reactive management responses exacerbate human and economic losses in times of disaster. Proactive disaster responses maximize disaster resilience and preparation efforts in non-disaster periods. This report focuses on proactive, localized, and inclusive adaptation strategies for addressing impacts of three natural hazards: drought, floods, and tropical cyclones. Four key synergistic climate adaptation strategies are discussed—Post Disaster Reviews, Risk Assessments, Early Warning Systems and Forecast-based Financing. These strategies are further supported with a number of case studies and recommendations that will be of assistance for policymakers in developing evidence-based adaptation strategies that support the most vulnerable communities in the transition towards regarding disaster as a risk as opposed to a crisis.

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What difference does disaster risk reduction make? Insights from Vanuatu and tropical cyclone Pam

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Validating a Tailored Disaster Risk Assessment Methodology: Drought Risk Assessment in Local PNG Regions

Validating a Tailored Disaster Risk Assessment Methodology: Drought Risk Assessment in Local PNG Regions

A minority group's response to a severe climatic event: a case study of rural Indo‐Fijians after Tropical Cyclone Winston in 2016

Climate Risk and Early Warning Systems: Adaptation Strategies for the Most Vulnerable Communities

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