What determines correspondence strength in apparent motion?

Green, Marc

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90008-8

Cited by 137 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is of interest that the similarity of such attributes as shape or color carries relatively little weight in the correspondence process, which is dominated by spatiotemporal contiguity of low-frequency information (Kolers, 1972; but see Green, 1986Green, , 1989. This fits our notion that object tiles are addressed primarily by spatiotemporal characteristics rather than by properties or labels.…”

Section: Object Files Movement and Changementioning

confidence: 72%

The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information

Kahneman

Treisman

Gibbs

1992

Cognitive Psychology

1,938

105

1,887

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Section: Object Files Movement and Changementioning

confidence: 72%

The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information

Kahneman

Treisman

Gibbs

1992

Cognitive Psychology

1,938

105

1,887

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“…their matching affinity became stronger (He & Nakayama, 1994). Form similarity, the focus of this paper, has also been found to affect apparent motion correspondence strength (Green, 1986;Prazdny, 1986;Ramachandran, 1985Ramachandran, , 1988. This stems from the idea that when the internal representations of two stimuli possess similar properties, a stronger motion correspondence between them will be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Perceived surface shape not features determines correspondence strength in apparent motion

Nakayama

1994

Vision Research

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Previous psychophysical studies have revealed that shape similarity can affect apparent motion correspondence. Such results however, do not specify the level of representation, at which shape similarity is defined. We sought to understand this question by using a 2 x 2 competitive apparent motion paradigm. We manipulated the binocular disparity of the motion stimuli (tokens) relative to adjacent squares to selectively change the internal surface representation of the tokens while keeping early filtered representation intact. When two sets of differently oriented tokens (45", -445' bars) were used, there was a preference for seeing motion between tokens having the same orientation. However, such a motion bias was reduced when tokens became part of a large surface square seen either as amodally occluded in the background or as a transparent surface modally completed in front. Since shape differences at the early filtering level remain essentially intact (i.e. +4S" vs -4S') our findings support the surface level hypothesis. Perceived surface shape rather than shape defined by early filters largely determines motion correspondence.

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“…Many researchers have shown however, that humans are able to determine the direction of motion of types of stimuli for which standard motion analysis alone is non-informative (Ramachandran, Ginsburgh & Anstis, 1973;Sperlinn. 1976;Petersik, Hicks & Pantle, 1978 Lelkins & Konderink, 1984;Derrington dz Badcock, 1985;Green, 1986;Pantle & Turano, 1986;Bowne, McKee & Glaser, 1989;Cavanagh, Arguin & von Grunau, 1989;Turano & Pantle, 1989). Chubb and Sperling (1988) proposed that the process by which motion information is extracted from these "driftbalanced" stimuli consists of a spatiotemporal linear filter, followed by a rectifying nonlinearity, followed by standard motion analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-wave and half-wave rectification in second-order motion perception

Solomon

Sperling

1994

Vision Research

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Microbalanced stimuli are dynamic displays which do not stimulate motion mechanisms that apply standard (Fourier-energy or autocorrelational) motion analysis directly to the visual signal. In order to extract motion information from microbalanced stimuli, Chubb and Sperling [(1988) Journal ofthe Optical Society of America, 5, 19%-20061 proposed that the human visual system performs a rectifying transformation on the visual signal prior to standard motion analysis. The current research employs two novel types of microbalanced stimuli: half-wave stimuli preserve motion information following half-wave rectification (with a threshold) but lose motion information following full-wave rectification; full-wave stimuli preserve motion information following full-wave rectification but lose motion information following half-wave rectification. Additionally, Fourier stimuli, ordinary squarewave gratings, were used to stimulate standard motion mechanisms. Psychometric functions (direction discrimination vs stimulus contrast) were obtained for each type of stimulus when presented alone, and when masked by each of the other stimuli (presented as moving masks and also as nonmoving, counterphase-flickering masks). Results: given sufficient contrast, all three types of stimulus convey motion. However, only one-third of the population can perceive the motion of the half-wave stimulus. Observers are able to process the motion information contained in the Fourier stimulus slightly more efficiently than the information in the full-wave stimulus but are much less efficient in processing half-wave motion information. Moving masks are more effective than counterphase masks at hampering direction discrimination, indicating that some of the masking effect is interference between motion mechanisms, and some occurs at earlier stages. When either full-wave and Fourier or half-wave and Fourier gratings are presented simultaneously, there is a wide range of relative contrasts within which the motion directions of both gratings are easily determinable. Conversely, when half-wave and full-wave gratings are combined, the direction of only one of these gratings can be determined with high accuracy. Conclusions: the results indicate that three motion computations are carried out, any two in parallel: one standard ("first order") and two non-Fourier ("second-order") computations that employ full-wave and half-wave rectification.

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What determines correspondence strength in apparent motion?

Cited by 137 publications

References 14 publications

The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information

The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information

Perceived surface shape not features determines correspondence strength in apparent motion

Full-wave and half-wave rectification in second-order motion perception

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