What controls the seasonal cycle of black carbon aerosols in India?

Kumar, Rajesh; Barth, M. C.; Pfister, Gabriele; Nair, Vijayakumar S.; Ghude, Sachin D.; Ojha, Narendra

doi:10.1002/2015jd023298

Cited by 97 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Thus, multi-year simulations accounting for temporal variability in the strength of different emission sources and variability in meteorology must be conducted before these results can be applied to design BC mitigation strategies in South Asia. The effects of seasonal change in the strength of anthropogenic and biomass burning sources the source contribution analysis of BC in South Asia are discussed in a follow-up paper (Kumar et al, 2015). Nevertheless, this study illustrates the potential of integrating in situ observations with chemical transport modeling to understand processes controlling the distribution and variability of BC and infer the most important sources of BC aerosol in a region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kumar et al (2015) simulated and analyzed BC seasonality for the year 2011. By comparing the March-May time period from the 2011 simulation with this current study, we can get an idea whether source attribution varies substantially between these two simulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study focuses only on the ICARB period. Source contribution analysis for 1 complete year is discussed in a separate paper (Kumar et al, 2015). To answer the above questions, we introduce source-, sectorand region-specific BC tracers in WRF-Chem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sources of black carbon aerosols in South Asia and surrounding regions during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This study examines differences in the surface black carbon (BC) aerosol loading between the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS) and identifies dominant sources of BC in South Asia and surrounding regions during March-May 2006 (Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget, ICARB) period. A total of 13 BC tracers are introduced in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry to address these objectives. The model reproduced the temporal and spatial variability of BC distribution observed over the AS and the BoB during the ICARB ship cruise and captured spatial variability at the inland sites. In general, the model underestimates the observed BC mass concentrations. However, the model-observation discrepancy in this study is smaller compared to previous studies. Model results show that ICARB measurements were fairly well representative of the AS and the BoB during the pre-monsoon season. Elevated BC mass concentrations in the BoB are due to 5 times stronger influence of anthropogenic emissions on the BoB compared to the AS. Biomass burning in Burma also affects the BoB much more strongly than the AS. Results show that anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions, respectively, accounted for 60 and 37 % of the average ± standard deviation (representing spatial and temporal variability) BC mass concentration (1341 ± 2353 ng m −3 ) in South Asia. BC emissions from residential (61 %) and industrial (23 %) sectors are the major anthropogenic sources, except in the Himalayas where vehicular emissions dominate. We find that regional-scale transport of anthropogenic emissions contributes up to 25 % of BC mass concentrations in western and eastern India, suggesting that surface BC mass concentrations cannot be linked directly to the local emissions in different regions of South Asia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sources of black carbon aerosols in South Asia and surrounding regions during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

et al. 2015

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“…Minimum BC concentration during monsoon could be attributed to the wash-out effects due to precipitation. Thus seasonal variations of BC can be attributed to dynamics of monsoon circulation, ABL characteristics and the prevailing meteorological conditions (Kumar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Surface Aerosol Observations Seasonal Variations Of Black Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional View of Atmospheric Aerosols over an Urban Location in Central India

Jose

Gharai

Rao

2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Surface, column and vertically resolved variations of physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosol over Hyderabad, a tropical urban location in central India are explored on the basis of ground based and satellite retrieved data. Annual mean aerosol optical depth (τ) observed with Microtops sun-photometer is 0.61 ± 0.07 and seasonally it varied from 0.71 ± 0.06 in pre-monsoon to 0.55 ± 0.05 in winter. Aerosol types are categorized based on Ångström exponent (α) and τ relations; revealed that the study region is dominated by mixed type (MT) aerosol followed by urban/industrial aerosols under high τ (HUI) category. A consistent diurnal variation of black carbon (BC) is observed irrespective of seasonal variation with annual BC mass concentration is found to be 9.7 ± 1.9 µg m -3. During Telangana Survey day, which was the least pollutant day showed a reduction of 75% BC concentration during day time in comparison to five years average values, indicating the influence of anthropogenic effect over Hyderabad. Vertical information's on aerosol are analyzed using Cloud Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and ground based Lidar (LAMP) data. LAMP data analysis shows a significant elevated aerosol layer up to 4 km during pre-monsoon while aerosols are confined below 3 km during post-monsoon and winter. Long term CALIPSO observations revealed that during postmonsoon to winter, the study area is dominated (~60%) by 'urban' aerosol; while during pre-monsoon period ~75% of the aerosol type belongs to 'dusty mix' category. A decline in short wave flux at the top of the atmosphere (0.66 Wm -2 yr -1 ) is observed, as revealed by long term Clouds and Earths Radiant Energy System (CERES) data analysis with higher decline rate observed in winter (1 Wm -2 yr -1 ) followed by pre-monsoon (0.8 Wm -2 yr -1 ).

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“…Kumar et al, 2012bKumar et al, , 2015Ojha et al, 2016). However, to minimize the effect of temporal differences, we preferentially used measurements of recent years; i.e.…”

Section: Observational Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over south Asia during the pre-monsoon: effects of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We evaluate numerical simulations of surface ozone mixing ratios over the south Asian region during the pre-monsoon season, employing three different emission inventories in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) with the second-generation Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM2) chemical mechanism: the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research -Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (EDGAR-HTAP), the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment phase B (INTEX-B) and the Southeast Asia Composition, Cloud, Climate Coupling Regional Study (SEAC4RS). Evaluation of diurnal variability in modelled ozone compared to observational data from 15 monitoring stations across south Asia shows the model ability to reproduce the clean, rural and polluted urban conditions over this region. In contrast to the diurnal average, the modelled ozone mixing ratios during noontime, i.e. hours of intense photochemistry (11:30-16:30 IST -Indian Standard Time -UTC +5:30), are found to differ among the three inventories. This suggests that evaluations of the modelled ozone limited to 24 h average are insufficient to assess uncertainties associated with ozone buildup. HTAP generally shows 10-30 ppbv higher noontime ozone mixing ratios than SEAC4RS and INTEX-B, especially over the north-west Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), central India and southern India. The HTAP simulation repeated with the alternative Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART) chemical mechanism showed even more strongly enhanced surface ozone mixing ratios due to vertical mixing of enhanced ozone that has been produced aloft. Our study indicates the need to also evaluate the O 3 precursors across a network of stations and the development of highresolution regional inventories for the anthropogenic emissions over south Asia accounting for year-to-year changes to further reduce uncertainties in modelled ozone over this region.

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What controls the seasonal cycle of black carbon aerosols in India?

Cited by 97 publications

References 107 publications

Sources of black carbon aerosols in South Asia and surrounding regions during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

Sources of black carbon aerosols in South Asia and surrounding regions during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, Gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

Cross-Sectional View of Atmospheric Aerosols over an Urban Location in Central India

WRF-Chem simulated surface ozone over south Asia during the pre-monsoon: effects of emission inventories and chemical mechanisms

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