What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples

Andresen, Martin Eckhoff; Nix, Emily

doi:10.1086/718565

Cited by 84 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Examples of such policies include family-friendliness policies that may ease the time constraints faced by women (e.g. Andresen and Nix, 2019) or policies based on gender role models that may encourage women to pursue different career paths (e.g. Porter and Serra, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

Fluchtmann

Glenny²,

Harmon

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

Fluchtmann

Glenny²,

Harmon

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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“…discrimination in hiring or promotions). Our study adds to broader literature uncovering longitudinal developments across the transition to parenthood, as well as to a smaller body of research that has explored these developments for same-sex and adoptive couples (Evertsson, Moberg, and Van der Vleuten 2022;Rosenbaum 2021;Kleven, Landais, and Søgaard 2021;Andresen and Nix 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In Sweden, lesbian couples share parental leave more equally than different-sex couples (Evertsson and Boye 2018). A few recent studies, all of them focusing on the Nordic countries, have compared the child penalty in different-sex and lesbian couples (Andresen and Nix 2022;Evertsson, Moberg, and Van der Vleuten 2022;Moberg 2016; see also Rabaté and Rellstab 2022). These studies found that birth mothers in lesbian couples face weaker penalties than their heterosexual counterparts, while social mothers face stronger penalties than fathers.…”

Section: Parenthood and Division Of Labor In Same-sex And Adopting Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Money, birth, gender: explaining unequal earnings trajectories after parenthood

Machado¹,

Jaspers²

2022

Preprint

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Using population register data for the Netherlands, we analyze the child penalty for new parents in three groups of couples: different-sex and lesbian couples with a biological child and different-sex couples with an adopted child. With a longitudinal design, we follow parents’ earnings from 2 years before to 8 years after the arrival of the child and use event study models to estimate the effects of the transition to parenthood on earnings trajectories. Comparing different groups of couples allows to test hypotheses related to three types of difference that are early impossible to disentangle when studying only heterosexual biological parents: relative earnings, childbearing and gender. Our results offer strong support for gender as the main driver of diver-gent child penalties: for mothers, the gender of their partners is more consequential for their earnings trajectories than going through pregnancy or being a secondary earner before parenthood.

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“…Besides that, we have not included same-sex couples in our study. We must take this limitation into account because the barriers and enablers that same sex couples encounter can be substantially different (Andresen & Nix, 2019), even though the particular experience of the processes lived during motherhood are encompassed within a social imaginary of similar characteristics for Western women (Power et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expectations and Experiences of Women in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Feeding: A Qualitative Research Protocol

Adalia

Hernández-Luengo

Gutiérrez

et al. 2021

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Maternity and pregnancy involve significant biopsychosocial changes in the lives of women. These changes determine their experience of motherhood and can be a crucial aspect in the choice of parenting style. Women require a source of knowledge and support that goes beyond the technical, clinical environment, led by qualified nurses for holistic and humanized care. The objective of this study is to identify women’s beliefs, expectations, and experiences of their motherhood and its different stages, and their perception of the care they receive, in order to enhance effective management of their new role at a health and social level. A phenomenological qualitative study using thematic analysis will be used, within the theoretical framework provided by the Social Cognitive Theory and the influence of gender. The sample size will be defined by the sampling saturation criterion and should include rural and urban women, with different socioeconomic status. The information will be collected with semi-structured interviews that will be analyzed based on the codification of the texts in three levels and the subsequent triangulation of the results. The biopsychosocial aspects involved in motherhood make it a complex process, with women as the main player. Therefore, mothers’ opinions on the barriers and enablers they encounter in their environment are essential to place them at the center of the process. In addition, knowing the perceptions of women could help improve the work of nurses, having impacts on the humanization of health care and responding to women’s needs during their motherhood.

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What Causes the Child Penalty? Evidence from Adopting and Same-Sex Couples

Cited by 84 publications

References 28 publications

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

The Gender Application Gap: Do Men and Women Apply for the Same Jobs?

Money, birth, gender: explaining unequal earnings trajectories after parenthood

Expectations and Experiences of Women in Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infant Feeding: A Qualitative Research Protocol

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