What causes terrorism?

Krieger, Tim; Meierrieks, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s11127-010-9601-1

Cited by 234 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest that economically successful countries are more often targeted by terrorism than poor economies. See Krieger and Meierrieks (2010) for an overview of the literature. 5 See Krieger and Meierrieks (2010) for an overview on the theoretical and empirical literature on the determinants of terrorism.…”

Section: Theoretical Motivation: Opportunity Costs Of Terrormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism

Freytag

Krüger

Meierrieks

et al. 2011

European Journal of Political Economy

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238

169

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Abstract:As a prerequisite of an appropriate anti-terror strategy, it is indispensable to assess the underlying causes of terror. We examine social and economic conditions in the country of origin of terrorist attacks, claiming that low opportunity costs of terror, e.g., approximated by slow growth and poor institutions raise the likelihood of terror and the willingness in the population to support terror. Using a negative binomial regression model, we are able to show that unfortunate socio-economic conditions in a country are likely to reduce the opportunity costs of potential terrorists and increase the number of terrorist attacks originating from a specific country. Interestingly, this effect is particularly relevant after a certain level of development has been reached. We therefore distinguish between several broad country groups, namely the OECD, Europe and Islamic countries.JEL classification: P16, F15, C25

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Motivation: Opportunity Costs Of Terrormentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism

Freytag

Krüger

Meierrieks

et al. 2011

European Journal of Political Economy

Self Cite

238

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Freytag et al (2011), on the other hand, maintain that socio-economic variables do matter for terrorism, implying that terrorism might be reduced by economic development and growth, and Caruso and Schneider (2011) confirm that in Western Europe the classical economic concept of opportunity cost is indeed predicative of an individual's willingness to be involved in a terrorist activity. In any event, the scholarly consensus appears to converge to the stylized 10 See the surveys by Krieger and Meierrieks (2011) and Gassebner and Luechinger (2011). fact that the relationship between poverty and terrorism is highly non-linear (hump-shaped) and varies according to the specific circumstances; the low income explanation of terrorism applies better to the perpetrators' home country than to the venue country (Enders et al 2014). …”

Section: Terrorism In Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide attacks and religious cleavages

2016

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Many experts claim that the incidence of suicide attacks is driven by religious cleavages. To test this hypothesis, we investigate whether the total number of suicide attacks per violent conflict or the annual number of suicide attacks per country is associated with simmering religious conflicts. We distinguish between two kinds of religious cleavages: cleavages at the macro level between the stake holders in violent conflicts and cleavages at the micro or battle field level between the actual perpetrators and victims of suicide attacks. Our results do not indicate that religious cleavages are an important precondition for the incidence of suicide attacks.JEL Classification: Z12, D74, H56, F51

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“…Media outlets produce a larger audience so terrorists can air their grievances which may be motivated by political freedom, foreign occupation, religion, social inequality, or ideological reasons [26]. A terrorist organization will engage in violence, such as skyjackings to attract publicity and media attention, to destabilize a country, and damage the economy; with a long-term goal of the redistribution of power, influence and wealth [27]. Terrorists benefit during the mayhem, through the mismanagement of the event, the scenes at the hospital, all via extensive free media coverage.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

Norman¹

2017

J Foren Psy

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The purpose of this paper is to 'Compare Public Support for Moderate Terrorism and Extreme Terrorism' in high terror active nations (India, Iraq, Nigeria); medium terror active nations (China, United Kingdom, United States); and low terror active nations (Australia, Canada, South Korea); selected from the Global Terrorism Index (2014); and to explore the effects of greater levels of threat (because of increased terror activity), on support by the public. To assess the reliability and validity of a new survey instrument in measuring support for terrorism and to evaluate a series of exploratory questions of added value. The voids highlighted in this paper validate the need for an international legal definition of terrorism, which has eschewed researchers, thus creating the potential for widespread abuse and avoidance of existing terrorism laws. How the media frames a terrorist event plays a significant role in the publics' perception of terrorist organizations and the publics' willingness to support them. It was found that a high percentage of the public are incognizant of which organizations are terrorist organizations; how their donations are being utilized, and persons are often unaware of their role within a terrorist organization. The findings indicated that overall, respondents were least likely to support extremism. Men were more concerned than women about increased terror activity and anti-abortion rights. Women from high terror active nations were least likely to respond to the survey. This research sets the framework for further investigation into moderate and extreme terrorism and exposes the challenges faced by researchers in isolating factors that contribute to public support for terrorism.

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What causes terrorism?

Abstract: Determinants of terrorism, Transnational terrorism, Counter-terrorism policy, D74, H56, N40,

Cited by 234 publications

References 85 publications

The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism

The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism

Suicide attacks and religious cleavages

A Comparison of Public Support for Moderate and Extreme Terrorism

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