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The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated review of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses in this active field. Besides the conventional heavy hadrons, we shall also review the recently observed open heavy flavor tetraquark states X(2900) and T + cc (3875) as well as the hidden heavy flavor multiquark states X(6900), P cs (4459) 0 , Z cs (3985) − , Z cs (4000) + , and Z cs (4220) + . We will also cover the recent progresses on the glueballs and light hybrid mesons, which are the direct manifestations of the non-Abelian SU (3) gauge interaction of the Quantum Chromodynamics in the low-energy region.
The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated review of the recent experimental and theoretical progresses in this active field. Besides the conventional heavy hadrons, we shall also review the recently observed open heavy flavor tetraquark states X(2900) and T + cc (3875) as well as the hidden heavy flavor multiquark states X(6900), P cs (4459) 0 , Z cs (3985) − , Z cs (4000) + , and Z cs (4220) + . We will also cover the recent progresses on the glueballs and light hybrid mesons, which are the direct manifestations of the non-Abelian SU (3) gauge interaction of the Quantum Chromodynamics in the low-energy region.
The electromagnetic form factors of charged and neutral kaons are strongly constrained by their low-energy singularities, in the isovector part from two-pion intermediate states and in the isoscalar contribution in terms of $$\omega $$ ω and $$\phi $$ ϕ residues. The former can be predicted using the respective $$\pi \pi \rightarrow {{\bar{K}}} K$$ π π → K ¯ K partial-wave amplitude and the pion electromagnetic form factor, while the latter parameters need to be determined from electromagnetic reactions involving kaons. We present a global analysis of time- and spacelike data that implements all of these constraints. The results enable manifold applications: kaon charge radii, elastic contributions to the kaon electromagnetic self energies and corrections to Dashen’s theorem, kaon boxes in hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering, and the $$\phi $$ ϕ region in hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP). Our main results are: $$\langle r^2\rangle _\text {c}=0.359(3)\,\text {fm}^2$$ ⟨ r 2 ⟩ c = 0.359 ( 3 ) fm 2 , $$\langle r^2\rangle _\text {n}=-0.060(4)\,\text {fm}^2$$ ⟨ r 2 ⟩ n = - 0.060 ( 4 ) fm 2 for the charged and neutral radii, $$\epsilon =0.63(40)$$ ϵ = 0.63 ( 40 ) for the elastic contribution to the violation of Dashen’s theorem, $$a_\mu ^{K\text {-box}}=-0.48(1)\times 10^{-11}$$ a μ K -box = - 0.48 ( 1 ) × 10 - 11 for the charged kaon box in HLbL scattering, and $$a_\mu ^\text {HVP}[K^+K^-, \le 1.05\,\text {GeV}]=184.5(2.0)\times 10^{-11}$$ a μ HVP [ K + K - , ≤ 1.05 GeV ] = 184.5 ( 2.0 ) × 10 - 11 , $$a_\mu ^\text {HVP}[K_SK_L, \le 1.05\,\text {GeV}]=118.3(1.5)\times 10^{-11}$$ a μ HVP [ K S K L , ≤ 1.05 GeV ] = 118.3 ( 1.5 ) × 10 - 11 for the HVP integrals around the $$\phi $$ ϕ resonance. The global fit to $${{\bar{K}}} K$$ K ¯ K gives $${{\bar{M}}}_\phi =1019.479(5)\,\text {MeV}$$ M ¯ ϕ = 1019.479 ( 5 ) MeV , $${\bar{ \varGamma }}_\phi =4.207(8)\,\text {MeV}$$ Γ ¯ ϕ = 4.207 ( 8 ) MeV for the $$\phi $$ ϕ resonance parameters including vacuum-polarization effects.
The decays $$ B\to {\overline{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)}\omega \pi $$ B → D ¯ ∗ ωπ are very important for the investigation of ρ excitations and the test of factorization hypothesis for B meson decays. The $$ {B}^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)0}\omega {\pi}^{+} $$ B + → D ¯ ∗ 0 ω π + and B0 → D(*)−ωπ+ have been measured by different collaborations but without any predictions for their observables on theoretical side. In this work, we study the contributions of ρ(770, 1450) → ωπ for the cascade decays $$ {B}^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)0}{\rho}^{+}\to {\overline{D}}^{\left(\ast \right)0}\omega {\pi}^{+} $$ B + → D ¯ ∗ 0 ρ + → D ¯ ∗ 0 ω π + , B0 → D(*)−ρ+ → D(*)−ωπ+ and $$ {B}_s^0\to {D}_s^{\left(\ast \right)-}{\rho}^{+}\to {D}^{\left(\ast \right)-}\omega {\pi}^{+} $$ B s 0 → D s ∗ − ρ + → D ∗ − ω π + . We introduce ρ(770, 1450) → ωπ subprocesses into the distribution amplitudes for ωπ system via the vector form factor Fωπ(s) and then predict the branching fractions for the first time for concerned quasi-two-body decays with ρ(770, 1450) → ωπ, as well as the corresponding longitudinal polarization fractions ΓL/Γ for the cases with the vector $$ {\overline{D}}^{\ast 0} $$ D ¯ ∗ 0 or $$ {D}_{(s)}^{\ast -} $$ D s ∗ − in their final states. The branching fractions of these quasi-two-body decays are predicted at the order of 10−3, which can be detected at the LHCb and Belle-II experiments. The predictions for the decays B0 → D*−ρ(770)+ → D*−ωπ+ and B0 → D*−ρ(1450)+ → D*−ωπ+ agree well with the measurements from Belle Collaboration. In order to avoid the pollution from annihilation Feynman diagrams, we recommend to take the $$ {B}_s^0\to {D}_s^{\ast -}\rho {\left(770,1450\right)}^{+} $$ B s 0 → D s ∗ − ρ 770 1450 + decays, which have only emission diagrams at quark level, to test the factorization hypothesis for B decays.
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