What can the subjunctive disjoint reference effect tell us about the subjunctive?

Kempchinsky, Paula

doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2008.11.009

Cited by 68 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…2 Kempchinsky (1986Kempchinsky ( , 2009 proposes that subjunctive complements of desiderative and directive verbs are characterized as having an imperative operator in the left periphery of the embedded clause. Haegeman and Ürögdi (2010) propose an operator 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent case in Archaic Chinese

Aldridge

2018

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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Abstract. This paper proposes an analysis of subject case in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC). By examining the distribution of first person pronominal subjects, I conclude that there were two distinct morphological cases for subjects in LAC. One of these pronouns, 我 wǒ, valued structural nominative case, while the other one, 吾 wú, was marked with a different case. The occurrence of 吾 wú as the external argument of experiencer and modal predicates clearly suggests that this case was at least sometimes inherent case assigned to the external argument in [Spec, vP]. 吾 wú also functioned as the subject of relative clauses, embedded subjunctive clauses, and irrealis matrix clauses. Since the case valued in these clause types was not sensitive to predicate types, I propose that the source of the case valued by the subject in these environments was T. Working within Chomsky's (2008) C-T Inheritance framework, I propose that Inheritance did not take place in indicative clauses, so the subject moved to [Spec, CP] to value nominative case. A first person pronoun with nominative case was spelled out as 我 wǒ. But Inheritance was forced if another constituent needed to occupy [Spec, CP]. I propose that relative clauses and irrealis/subjunctive clauses are all derived through operator movement. Because the operator must occupy [Spec, CP], C-T Inheritance must also take place, forcing the subject to move to [Spec, TP] to value its case. The case valued in this position was also the non-nominative form exemplified by the first person pronoun 吾 wú.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inherent case in Archaic Chinese

Aldridge

2018

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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“…Syntactically, the use of the infinitive is often a resource to avoid subject co-reference. For instance, when the subject in the matrix coincides with the subject in the subordinate clause (*Recomiendo que yo haga ejercicio a diario), the construction is generally not accepted (Kempchinsky 1986(Kempchinsky , 2009, and one way to circumnavigate the co-reference is to use the infinitive instead (Recomiendo hacer ejercicio a diario). This alternative, however, is not without ambiguity, given that it could carry meaning dissymmetry.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degrees of subjunctive vitality among monolingual speakers of Peninsular and Argentinian Spanish

Gallego

Alonso-Marks²

2014

Borealis

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ABSTRACT. This investigation seeks to expand the current understanding of mood use and vitality among monolingual native speakers of two varieties of Spanish. It focuses on establishing a cross-dialectal analysis of mood use in semi-spontaneous oral production. A total of 112 adult monolingual native speakers of Spanish participated in the study (N=56 from Rosario, Argentina and N=56 from Toledo, Spain). A controlled interview was administered to elicit the frequency and vitality of subjunctive use. Results indicate that the use of present subjunctive in complement clauses was found stable and vital among older speakers (51-73 years old) in both regions. However, while the youngest generation (18-30 years old) shows prevalence of non-subjunctive forms in Rosario, this age group favors the use of present subjunctive in Toledo. A similar pattern is observed with middle-aged participants. Results indicate an overall reduction of present subjunctive use among younger generations in Rosario, and vitality in every age group in Toledo.Keywords. subjunctive mood, variation, complement clauses, frequency, subjunctive debilitation, subjunctive vitality, cross-dialectal RESUMEN. Esta investigación busca ampliar el conocimiento existente de la frecuencia de uso y la vitalidad del modo subjuntivo entre hablantes monolingües de dos variedades de español. El estudio se enfoca en establecer un análisis bidialectal del uso del modo en producción oral semi-espontánea. Un total de 112 hablantes monolingües adultos de español participaron en el estudio (N=56 de Rosario, Argentina y N=56 de Toledo, España). Se les administró una entrevista sociolingüística para determinar frecuencia de uso y vitalidad. Los resultados indican que el presente de subjuntivo en oraciones de complemento se encuentra estable y vital entre hablantes mayores (de 51 a 73 años de edad) en ambas regiones. Sin embargo, mientras la generación más joven demostró prevalencia de utilización de formas no-subjuntivas en Rosario, el mismo grupo etario favoreció el uso del presente de subjuntivo en Toledo. Un patrón similar se observa entre los participantes de mediana edad. Los resultados generales apuntan a una reducción en el uso del subjuntivo en las generaciones jóvenes en Rosario, y vitalidad y frecuencia de uso en todas las generaciones en Toledo.Palabras clave. subjuntivo, variación, oraciones de complemento, frecuencia, vitalidad del modo subjuntivo, debilitación del modo subjuntivo, análisis bi-dialectal

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“…I want that go-down.SUBJ.1SG/3SG to the street 'I want that he go down to the street.' (Kempchinsky 2009) That deontic modality can be expressed in complements following volitional and verbs of command is not an anomaly. Embedded complements of such verbs, which express commands, requests, suggestions, or desires are typically expressed in the Romance and Balkan languages.…”

Section: Bie As An Indicator Of Deontic Modalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbs of Command and the Status of Their Embedded Complements in Chinese

Yip

2016

Studies in Chinese Linguistics

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This paper argues against Yue's (1999) view that complements to verbs of commands ( jiao 'to ask/to tell,' qing 'to request,' quan 'to persuade,' etc.) are embedded imperatives with a covert [+second person] subject pronoun. Evidence against the embedded imperative analysis include the presence of partial control, the absence of blocking effect in long-distance binding, the incompatibility between these complement clauses and the polite imperative marker qing, and the fact that Yue's proposed covert [+second person] pronoun cannot be made overt. Since verbs of commands participate in object control, the present proposal agrees with Zhu's (1982) treatment of verbs of command as pivotal verbs. Finally, complement clauses of verbs of command are not embedded imperatives as bie can also appear with third person subjects, which shows that the negator does not mark imperative but irrealis and deontic modality. Hence, its presence in complements of verbs of command does not lead to an embedded imperative analysis.

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What can the subjunctive disjoint reference effect tell us about the subjunctive?

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Inherent case in Archaic Chinese

Inherent case in Archaic Chinese

Degrees of subjunctive vitality among monolingual speakers of Peninsular and Argentinian Spanish

Verbs of Command and the Status of Their Embedded Complements in Chinese

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