“…Over the last two decades, there has emerged a body of academic literature examining the phenomenon of what has been variously termed, 'extreme, alternative, lifestyle, whiz, action, panic, post modern, post industrial and new sport' ( [58], p. 2). Examples of such literature include studies of skateboarding [59,60], snowboarding [61,62], windsurfing [63], surfing [64], parkour [65][66][67], and ultimate frisbee [68][69][70][71]. While the adequacy of what is the most appropriate term with which to define such activities, commonalities indicate that they encompass a range of activities that broadly fail to fit into traditional conceptions of Western achievement sport [62,72].…”