What Can Mercury Teach Us About Membranous Nephropathy and Minimal Change Disease?

Caza, Tiffany; Al‐Rabadi, Laith

doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2022.04.078

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hypothesized mechanisms entail that mercury can interact with negatively charged GBM and alter GBM structure similar to the other cationic substances, such as gold, lipoic acid, and cationic bovine serum albumin, and activate the effector immune system. 56 , 61 …”

Section: Nell1 Association With Malignancy Supplements and Indigenous...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Membranous Nephropathy

Efe,

So,

Anandh

et al. 2024

IJN

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Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The discovery of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) as a target antigen has led to a paradigm shift in the understanding and management of MN. At present, serum PLA2R antibodies are used for diagnosis, prognostication, and guiding treatment. Now, with the discovery of more than 20 novel target antigens, antigen mapping is almost complete. The clinical association of certain antigens provides clues for clinicians, such as the association of nerve epidermal growth factor-like 1 with malignancies and indigenous medicines. Serum antibodies are detected for most target antigens, except exostosin 1 and 2 and transforming growth factor-beta receptor 3, but their clinical utility is yet to be defined. Genome-wide association studies and studies investigating environmental factors, such as air pollution, shed more light on the underpinnings of MN. The standard therapy of MN diversified from cyclical cyclophosphamide and steroids to include rituximab and calcineurin inhibitors over the past decades. Here, we provide a cutting-edge review of MN, focusing on genetics, immune system and environmental factors, novel target antigens and their clinical characteristics, and currently available and emerging novel therapies in MN.

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Section: Nell1 Association With Malignancy Supplements and Indigenous...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Membranous Nephropathy

Efe,

So,

Anandh

et al. 2024

IJN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Section: Mechanistic Theories In Nell1 Mnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mercury-associated NELL1 MN may have a related mechanism, as mercury shows high-affinity binding to sulfhydryl groups ( 79 ). A variety of conditions, autoimmunity, and autoantibodies have been linked to mercury ( 80 ) (associations and mechanisms recently reviewed elsewhere ( 79 )). Autoantibody development to laminins in particular is a common finding in experimental mercury exposure ( 80 ) and is particularly relevant given the role of these extracellular matrix glycoproteins in the glomerular basement membrane ( 81 ) and the presence of a laminin G domain in the NELL1 protein ( 57 ).…”

Section: Mechanistic Theories In Nell1 Mnmentioning

confidence: 99%

NELL1 membranous nephropathy: clinical associations provide mechanistic clues

Andeen,

Kung,

Avasare

2024

Front. Nephrol.

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Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL1) membranous nephropathy (MN) is notable for its segmental deposit distribution, IgG1 dominant deposits, and comparatively high rate of spontaneous remission. It has been associated with a variety of exposures and secondary conditions, specifically use of thiol-containing medications – including lipoic acid, bucillamine, and tiopronin – as well as traditional indigenous medications (TIM) particularly those with high mercury content, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Malignancies, graft vs. host disease (GVHD), infection, and autoimmune conditions have also been associated with NELL1 MN. Herein, we provide a detailed summary of the clinicopathologic features of NELL1 and associations with underlying conditions, with a focus on treatment and outcomes. Rare cases of dual NELL1 and phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) positive MN are reviewed. Genome-wide association study of NELL1, role of NELL1 in other physiologic and pathologic processes, and connection between NELL1 MN and malignancy with relevance of NELL1 tumor staining are examined. Finally, relationships and potential disease mechanisms of thiol- and mercury- associated NELL1 MN are discussed.

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“…MN patients are more likely to have occupational toxic exposures such as lead, asbestos, and organic solvents [63]. Other associated toxins include heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, lead, and gold salts [64 ▪ ,65–68].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Autoimmune Dysregulation In Membranous Ne...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The expanding spectrum and utility of antigens in membranous nephropathy

Miller

Caza

2023

Current Opinion in Nephrology &Amp; Hypertension

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Purpose of reviewMultiple antigenic targets were discovered in membranous nephropathy, representing distinct autoimmune diseases with a similar morphologic pattern of injury. An overview of recent developments, including antigen types, clinical associations, serologic monitoring, and advancements in understanding disease pathogenesis are provided. Recent findingsSeveral new antigenic targets have defined subtypes of membranous nephropathy, including Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1, protocadherin 7, HTRA1, FAT1, SEMA3B, NTNG1, NCAM1, exostosin 1/2, transforming growth factor beta receptor 3, CNTN1, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6, and neuron-derived neurotrophic factor. Autoantigens in membranous nephropathy may demonstrate unique clinical associations, assisting the nephrologist to identify potential disease etiologies and triggers, such as autoimmune disease, cancer, medications, and infections.

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What Can Mercury Teach Us About Membranous Nephropathy and Minimal Change Disease?

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

An Updated Review of Membranous Nephropathy

An Updated Review of Membranous Nephropathy

NELL1 membranous nephropathy: clinical associations provide mechanistic clues

The expanding spectrum and utility of antigens in membranous nephropathy

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